Tradicionalna upotreba kultiviranog bilja i krmiva na području Parka prirode Žumberak- Samoborsko gorje

Scientific paper - Original scientific paper

• Title (english): Traditional use of cultivated plants and feed in Žumberak-Samoborsko gorje Nature Park area
• Author: Ivana Vitasović-Kosić
• Author: Lana Petković
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: HUMANISTIC SCIENCES; Ethnology and Anthropology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Interdisciplinary Technical Sciences
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: SOCIAL SCIENCES; Sociology

Abstract (croatian)

Kultivirano bilje, a među njima tradicionalne, stare sorte važan su resurs za očuvanje genskog biodiverziteta, ublažavanje negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, a posljedično i za povećanje održivosti poljoprivrede određenog područja. Zbog nedostatka informacija o poljoprivrednoj aktivnosti na području zakonom zaštićenog Parka prirode Žumberak - Samoborsko gorje, provedeno je etnobotaničko istraživanje poznavanja biljnih svojti i njihovih tradicijskih sorti. Primarni ciljevi su bili dokumentirati lokalno ekološko znanje i povećati interes za tradicijske sorte te jačati ekološku svijest stanovnika zakonom zaštićenih područja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 ispitanika iz 17 naselja grada Samobora. Dokumentirana je upotreba 85 svojti kultiviranih sorti žitarica, povrća i voća, 31 samonikla biljna svojta te 4 gljive. Kultivirane biljke se uzgajaju u ograđenim vrtovima, voćnjacima i vinogradima, najčešće inventarizirane svojte (>50 %) su: Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Pyrus communis, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa te Phaseolus vulgaris. Od samoniklog bilja najčešće korištene su Urtica dioica i Rosa canina. Zabilježeno je 18 sorti vinove loze, od kojih su tradicionalne tri: ‘Šipelj’, ‘Izabela’ i ‘Žametovka’. Tri stare sorte jabuka su ‘Kanada’, ‘Božićnica’ i ‘Petrovka’. Po jedna stara sorta poznata je za šljivu (‘Bistrica’), krušku (‘Tepka’) i grah (‘Kifl’). Ovim istraživanjem zabilježena je upotreba Ranunculus ficaria u prehrani te upotreba rijetke ilirske vrste Polygala chamaebuxus u dekorativne svrhe. Skoro zaboravljena je upotreba Fagopyrum esculentum. Više se ne sade Cannabis sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Carum carvi. „Nova moda“ je uzgoj Ipomoea batatas i Lavandula angustifolia. Evidentirane su štete od divljači, posebice divlje svinje, koje prelaze razinu opravdanosti na kulturama kukuruz i krumpir, a sve češći kasni mrazevi, koji su posljedica negativnog utjecaja klimatskih promjena, izazivaju velike gubitke u voćarskoj i vinogradarskoj proizvodnji. Rezultati ovog rada mogli bi doprinijeti edukaciji pučanstva i reintrodukciji zaboravljenih upotreba kultiviranog i samoniklog bilja te gljiva u ljudsku i životinjsku prehranu, očuvanju tradicije i narodnih običaja, kao i prevenciji očuvanja zdravlja ljudi i životinja.

Abstract (english)

Cultivated plants, among them traditional, old varieties, are an important resource for preserving genetic biodiversity, mitigating the negative effects of climate change, and consequently increasing the sustainability of agriculture in a given area. A prerequisite for their successful use for the above purposes is a good knowledge of the current situation. Due to the lack of information on agricultural activity in the area of the legally protected Žumberak - Samoborsko gorje Nature Park, an ethnobotanical survey of plant taxa and their traditional varieties was conducted. The main objectives of this research were to document the local ecological knowledge, increase interest in traditional varieties, and to increase ecological awareness among the inhabitants of protected areas. In the survey participated 30 respondents from 17 settlements in the town of Samobor. The use of 85 taxa of cultivated cereal, vegetable, and fruit varieties, 31 wild plants and 4 fungi was documented. The cultivated plants are grown in fenced gardens, orchards and vineyards, the most common (>50%) taxa are: Vitis vinifera, Malus domestica, Prunus domestica, Zea mays, Solanum lycopersicum, Pyrus communis, Daucus carota, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, and Phaseolus vulgaris. Among wild plants, the most commonly used are Urtica dioica and Rosa canina. 18 grape varieties were recorded, 3 of which are traditional: ‘Šipelj’, ‘Izabela’ and ‘Žametovka’. The three old apple varieties are ‘Kanada’, ‘Božićnica’ and ‘Petrovka’. One old variety of plum (‘Bistrica’), pear (‘Tepka’) and bean (‘Kifl’) are known. This research has recorded the edible use of Ranunculus ficaria and the decorative use of the rare Illyrian species Polygala chamaebuxus. The use of Fagopyrum esculentum is almost forgotten. Cannabis sativa, Nicotiana tabacum, Carum carvi are no longer planted. The “new fashion” is the cultivation of Ipomoea batatas and Lavandula angustifolia. Damage by wild game, especially wild boar, has been recorded, which exceeds the level of justification on corn and potato crops. Increasingly frequent late frosts, which are a consequence of the negative impact of climate change, cause great losses in fruit and wine production. The results of this work could contribute to the education of the population and the reintroduction of forgotten uses of cultivated and wild plants and mushrooms in human and animal nutrition, the preservation of traditions and folk customs, as well as the prevention of the preservation of human and animal health.

• Keywords (croatian): biokulturna baština; etnobotanika; očuvanje bioraznolikosti; održiva poljoprivreda; tradicionalne sorte
• Keywords (english): biocultural heritage; ethnobotany; preservation of biodiversity; sustainable agriculture; traditional varieties
• Language: croatian
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Original scientific paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review - international
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Krmiva : Časopis o hranidbi životinja, proizvodnji i tehnologiji krme
• Numbering: vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 71-92
• p-ISSN: 0023-4850
• e-ISSN: 1848-901X
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.33128/k.64.2.3
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:428386
• Publication: 2022
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/294625
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-02-06 12:11:44