Ekološki prihvatljivo suzbijanje kukaca primjenom biorazgradivih mikrosfera na bazi apitoksina

master's thesis

• Title (english): Biodegradable microspheres based on apitoxin as ecologically acceptable pest management
• Author: Matej Orešković
• Mentor: Darija Lemić (mentor)
• Mentor: Marko Vinceković (komentor)
• Committee member: Darija Lemić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luna Maslov Bandić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Renata Bažok (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Agricultural Zoology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-12, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Standardna zaštita bilja predvođena prvenstveno agrokemikalijama ima negativan utjecaj na okoliš, ljudsko zdravlje i sigurnost hrane. Tijekom višegodišnje i učestale primjene sintetičkih pesticida došlo je do akumulacije organskih rezidua u tlu. Najveći izazov s kojim se proizvođači susreću prilikom uzastopne uporabe pesticida s istim mehanizmom djelovanja je njihova smanjena djelotvornost zbog razvoja rezistentnosti. Europska mjera „Od polja do stola“ nalaže do 2030. godine smanjenje uporabe... More pesticida za 50 %, što znači nužno povećanje ekološki prihvatljivijih tvari i formulacija. Jedna od mogućih novih ekološki prihvatljivijih formulacija su mikrosfere, a potencijalna aktivna tvar je apitoksin. Optimizacija mikroinkapsulacije apitoksina u stabilnu formulaciju i utvrđivanje učinkovitosti apitoksina u suzbijanju štetnika su glavni ciljevi ovog rada. Istraživanje je provedeno na deset različitih vrsta kukaca (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Tenebrio molitor, Myzus cerasi, Blaptica dubia, Sitophilus granaries, Cydalima perspectlis, Nezara viridula, Mamestra brassicae, Chaetocnema tibialis, Oulema lichenis) različitih životnih stadija. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da mikrosfere s apitoksinom imaju dugo početno i rezidualno djelovanje, zbog sporog otpuštanja apitoksina iz mikrosfere. U istraživanju je također utvrđeno značajno bolje želučano u usporedbi s kontaktnim djelovanjem na kukce. Najveća učinkovitost (E) apitoksina zabilježena je u pokusu na kupusnoj sovici (E=80%), krumpirovoj zlatici (E=80%), lisnim ušima (E=83%), repinom buhaču (E=96%) i to 72 sata nakon primjene. U istraživanju najveću učinkovitost su postigle najveće primijenjene koncentracije koje su odabrane da budu i ekonomski prihvatljive. Unatoč visokoj cijeni, formulacije mikrosfera apitoksina imaju potencijal u ekološkoj i visoko dohodovnoj proizvodnji. Less

Abstract (english)

Conventional plant protection led primarily by agrochemicals has a negative impact on the environment, human health, and food safety. During the prolonged period and widespread application of synthetic chemicals, there was an accumulation of organic residues in the soil. The biggest challenge that manufacturers face after repeatedly using chemical agents with the same mechanism of action, is their reduced effectiveness due to resistance. The European „Farm to Fork“ measure aims to reduce... More pesticide use by 50 % by 2030 and to increase the use of environmentally friendly formulations. One of the possible new, and environmentally friendly formulations is microspheres. Optimization of microencapsulation of apitoxin into a stable formulation and the determination of the efficiency of apitoxin in pest control are the main goals of this paper. The study was conducted on ten different species and stages of insects (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Tenebrio molitor, Myzus cerasi, Blaptica dubia, Sitophilus granaries, Cydalima perspectlis, Nezara viridula, Mamestra brassicae, Chaetocnema tibialis, Oulema lichenis). Microspheres with apitoxin have a long initial and residual effect, due to the slow release of apitoxin from the microsphere. The study found significantly better digestive compared to the contact effect on insects. Cabbage moth (80%), colorado potato beetle (80%), aphid (83%) and sugarbeet flea beetle (96%) showed the best results with the effectiveness indicated in brackets, after 72 hours from the application of apitoxin. In the study, the highest applied concentrations, which were selected to be economically acceptable as well, achieved the best results. Despite the high cost, microspheres of apitoxin have potential in organic production and greenhouses. Less

• Keywords: apitoksin; učinkovitost; inkapsulacija; mikrosfere; štetnici
• Keywords (english): apitoxin; efficiency; encapsulation; microspheres
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:455155
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-09-29 10:39:37