Utjecaj razvojnog stadija, doze topramezona i adjuvanata na osjetljivost koštana

master's thesis

• Author: Valentina Šoštarčić
• Mentor: Maja Šćepanović (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Šćepanović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Klara Barić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlatko Svečnjak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Herbology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-02-19, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy; Phytomedicine

Abstract

Integrirano suzbijanje korova potiče post-emergence primjenu herbicida, a pogotovo primjenu nižih doza od propisanih, s ciljem ekonomskih ušteda i smanjenja negativnog utjecaja na okoliš. Poznavanje djelovanja herbicida u različitim razvojnim stadijima može pomoći učinkovitijem suzbijanju korova, kao što je i Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv. (koštan) koji je u kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske dominantni uskolisni korov okopavinskih usjeva. S obzirom da količina primijenjenog herbicida ponajviše ovisi o razvojnom stadiju koštana od presudne je važnosti određivanje optimalnog vremena aplikacije. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je istraživanje učinak reduciranih doza (2/3, 1/2 , 1/4, 1/3 i 1/8) topramezona, novog herbicida iz kemijske skupine triketona, u kombinaciji s adjuvantima (NIS i MSO) na korovnu vrstu Echinochloa crus-gali u u dvije razvojne faze – tri razvijena lista (BBCH 13) i busanju (BBCH 20 - 21). Ocjena učinka tretmana utvrđena je vizualnom ocjenom oštećenja (0 – 100%), brojem nesuzbijenih jedinki korova nakon tretmana, te utvrđivanjem suhe nadzemne mase korova. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da topramezon u preporučenoj dozi primijenjen bez dodatka adjuvanata iskazuje nezadovoljavajuće djelovanje na koštan u obje istraživane razvojne faze. Dodatkom adjuvanta MSO i NIS moguće je značajno reducirati dozu topramezonu. Postignut je 100%-tni vizualni učinak te više od 90%-tni učinak na redukciju broja jedinki i mase koštana tretiranog u fazi tri razvijena lista dodatkom adjuvanata svim reduciranim dozama topramezona. Nasuprot tome, u fenofazi busanja (BBCH 20 - 21) jedino se uvećanom dozom topramezona (134,4 g. d.t. ha-1) i punom dozom (67,2 g. d.t. ha-1) s adjuvatom iz skupine NIS postiže donekle zadovoljavajući učinak na koštan (73,3%). Ulaskom u fazu busanja koštan nije moguće suzbiti reduciranjem dozacija topramezona čak niti kad se herbicid primjeni istovremeno s adjuvantima MSO i NIS.

Abstract (english)

Integrated weed control management encourages post-emergence herbicide application, and especially use of lower doses due to economic savings and reduction of negative environmental impact. Knowing the effects of herbicides in different stages of development can help to provide more effective control of weeds such as Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv. (barnyardgrass), which is a dominant narrow-leafed weed of summer crops in the continental part of Croatia. Since the amount of applied herbicide mostly depends on barnyardgrass development stage it is very important to determine the optimum time for application. The purpose of this thesis was to determine the efficiency of reduced doses (2/3, 1/2, 1/4, 1/3 and 1/8) of topramezone, a new herbicide from the chemical group of triketones, combined with adjuvants (NIS and MSO) and applied on weed species Echinochloa crus-gali in two different stages of development - three developed leaves (BBCH 13) and tillering (BBCH 20-21). Treatment evaluation was determined by visual evaluation of damage (0 - 100%), the number of surviving plants after treatment and determining the dry weight of weeds. The research results indicate that topramezone applied in recommended dose without the addition of adjuvants achieved unsatisfying effect on barnyardgrass in both researched stages of development. The addition of adjuvant MSO and NIS can significantly reduce dose of topramezone. There has been 100% biomass damage visually assessed and more than 90% reduction of the number and weight of the treated barnyardgrass in stage three developed leaves using all reduced doses of topramezone with adjuvants. In contrast, in the tillering stage (BBCH 20 - 21) only increased dose of topramezone (134.4 g. a.t. ha-1) and the recommended dose (67.2 g. a. t. ha-1) combine with adjuvant NIS (73.3%) achieved satisfactory effect on barnyardgrass.
Entering the stage of tillering barnyardgrass can not be control by reducing the dose of topramezone even when herbicide application is used with adjuvants MSO and NIS.

• Keywords: koštan; topramezon; ajduvanti; BBCH 13; BBCH 20-21
• Keywords (english): barnyardgrass; topramezone; ajduvants; BBCH 13; BBCH 20-21
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:778631
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-05-12 12:38:48