Učinak bakterizacije i gnojidbe na morfološka svojstva i prinos niskog graha mahunara

master's thesis

• Author: Tvrtko Senković
• Mentor: Nina Toth (mentor)
• Committee member: Nina Toth (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mirjana Herak Ćustić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Sanja Sikora (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Vegetable Crops); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

U Hrvatskoj se ostvaruju niski prinosi graha mahunara, iako postoje povoljni agroekološki
uvjeti za uzgoj ove termofilne kulture, kao i interes tržišta. Dugogodišnji negativni trend u
proizvodnji graha mahunara ne pokazuje znakove oporavka. Rješenje problema uzgoja
graha mahunara ogleda se u primjeni smjernica za integriranu proizvodnju graha te
suvremenih spoznaja o gnojidbi i mikrobnoj biotehnologiji od kojih se očekuje ekološki
prihvatljiva, održiva, a na kraju i ekonomski opravdana proizvodnja. Istraživanje učinka
bakterizacije sa kvržičnim bakterijama i primjene silicijevih poboljšivača tla na vegetativni
rast i prinos graha mahunara 'Bergold' provedeno je 2015. godine na području Grada
Zagreba u mjestu Goranec. Dvofaktorijalni poljski pokus postavljen je po metodi slučajnog
bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja, a uključivao je: tretmane bez i sa poboljšivačima tla
na bazi silicija (EKO-RAST Univerzal i EKO-RAST Vrtko) te tretmane bez i sa kvržičnim
bakterijama Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli 3622. Promatrana su morfološka
svojstva (broj mahuna po biljci, masa mahune, visina stabljike, broj kvržica po korijenu
biljke) te je utvrđen tržni prinos mahuna. Bakterizacija sjemena niskog graha mahunara
'Bergold' kvržičnim bakterijama Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli 3622 nije
rezultirala tvorbom očekivanog broja krupnih kvržica na korjenu, primarno uslijed vrlo
dobre opskrbljenosti tla dušikom. Iz tog razloga, dušik treba unijeti samo u količini koja
zadovoljava potrebe graha mahunara tijekom početnog razdoblja vegetacije, odnosno, do
uspostave zadovoljavajućeg intenziteta simbioze. Bolja nodulacija kod tretmana bez
predsjetvene bakterizacije ukazuje na vrlo dobru zastupljenost i kakvoću autohtonih sojeva
kvržičnih bakterija u tlu lokacije poljskog pokusa, kao i na njihovu dobru kompatibilnost sa
istraživanom sortom niskog graha mahunara. Primjena silicijevih poboljšivača tla EKORAST
Univerzal i EKO-RAST Vrtko nije imala opravdan utjecaj na promatrana
morfološka svojstva i prinos graha mahunara. Sve istraživane kombinacije su ostvarile
visoki prinos, veći od 10 t/ha.

Abstract (english)

In Croatia, the overall production of French beans per hectare is low, despite the favourable
environmental conditions for cultivation of this thermophile culture, as well as the market
interest. For many years, the negative trend in the production of French beans did not show
any sign of recovery. Solution to the problem of growing green beans can be found in the
application of guidelines for integrated production of French beans and present knowledge
of fertilization and microbial biotechnology from which we look for environmentally
friendly, sustainable, and finally, economically viable production. Research of the effect of
inoculation with nodule bacteria and fertilization with silicon soil improvers on growth and
yield of green beans ’Bergold’ was conducted in 2015 in the area City of Zagreb in
Goranec. Two-factorial field trial was set in a randomized complete block design with four
replications, consisting of: treatment with and without soil improver EKO-RAST Univerzal
and EKO-RAST Vrtko along with treatments without and with nodule bacteria Rhizobium
leguminosarum bv. phaseoli 3622. Observed values were following: number of pods per
plant, average weight of individual pods, plant height, pod yield and number of nodules.
Inoculation with R. leguminosarum bv. phaseoli 3622 did not result in the formation of the
expected number of large nodules on the roots, primarily due to a very good supply of soil
with nitrogen. For this reason, nitrogen should be applied only in quantities as required
beans during the initial period of vegetation, ie, to establish a satisfactory intensity
symbiosis. Better nodulation of the treatment without bacterization, indicating a very good
representation and the quality of autochthonous strains of rhizobia in the soil of field trials,
as well as their good compatibility with the studied variety of French beans. The
application of silicon soil improvers EKO-RAST Univerzal and EKO-RAST Vrtko did not
have a significant influence on the observed morphological traits and yield of French beans.
All the researched combination achieved a high pod yield, greater than 10 t∙ha-1.

• Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. nanus f. sine fibris; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli 3622; broj mahuna po biljci; masa mahune; visina stabljike; broj kvržica
• Keywords (english): Phaseolus vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris var. nanus f. sine fibris; Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli; number of pods per plant; pod weight; plant height; number of nodules
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:835887
• Study programme: Title: Horticulture; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-12-15 11:45:47