Toksikološka analiza ostataka pesticida u uzorcima Apis mellifera carnica (Pollman, 1879) multirezidualnom metodom

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Toxicological analysis of pesticide residues in samples of Apis mellifera carnica (Pollman, 1879) by multiresidual method
• Author: Nikolina Kostanjski
• Mentor: Helena Virić Gašparić (mentor)
• Committee member: Helena Virić Gašparić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darija Lemić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Saša Prđun (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Agricultural Zoology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-07-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Siva pčela (Apis mellifera carnica) zbog svojih bioloških i proizvodnih osobina smatra se optimalnom pasminom pčela za suvremeno pčelarstvo. Zadnjih godina učestalost pomora pčela je sve veći. Navode se brojni razlozi kolapsa pčelinjih zajednica, a jedan od razloga je raširena uporaba insekticida u poljoprivredi, šumarstvu i komunalnoj higijeni. Cilj rada je utvrditi toksikološke razlike između živih i uginulih pčela s područja gdje je zabilježen masovni pomor. U istraživanju je korištena LC-MS/MS metoda kako bi se utvrdile toksikološke razlike između živih i uginulih uzoraka pčela dobivenih s područja Međimurske županije, u naselju Vučetinec, gdje je 2023. godine zabilježen masovni pomor ove vrste. Uzroci uginulih pčela nasumce su prikupljeni iz najveće skupine otrovanih pčela, dok su uzorci živih pčela uzeti iz iste košnice na području masovnog pomora. Korištena je multirezidualna metoda za određivanje ostataka pesticida plinskom i tekućinskom kromatografijom. Analiza ostataka pesticida pokazala je značajne razlike u koncentracijama određenih tvari između uginulih i živih pčela. Kumafos je u uginulim pčelama bio prisutan u koncentraciji od 0.095 mg/kg, dok je u živim bio ispod granice detekcije. Fipronil je također bio prisutan u oba uzorka, ali u većoj koncentraciji kod uginulih (0,064 mg/kg) nego kod živih pčela (0,010 mg/kg). Difenkonazol je pronađen samo u uginulim pčelama (0,012 mg/kg). Ostali pesticidi bili su ispod granica detekcije. Ovo istraživanje ističe potrebu za boljom komunikacijom između poljoprivrednika koji koriste pesticide i pčelara. Pravovremena razmjena informacija o tretmanima pesticidima omogućava pčelarima da zaštite pčele prilagodbom aktivnosti ili premještanjem košnica. Nedostatak komunikacije može dovesti do neželjenog izlaganja pčela pesticidima i ugroziti njihov opstanak i zdravlje, što naglašava potrebu za boljim sustavima obavještavanja i suradnje u poljoprivredi.

Abstract (english)

The gray bee (Apis mellifera carnica) is considered the optimal bee breed for modern beekeeping due to its biological and production characteristics. In recent years, the frequency of bee deaths has been increasing. There are many reasons for the collapse of bee colonies, and one of the reasons is the widespread use of insecticides in agriculture, forestry and communal hygiene. The aim of the work is to determine the toxicological differences between live and dead bees from the area where mass destruction was recorded. In the research, the LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the toxicological differences between live and dead bee samples obtained from the area of Međimurje County, in the settlement of Vučetinec, where a mass extinction of this species was recorded in 2023. The causes of dead bees were randomly collected from the largest group of poisoned bees, while samples of live bees were taken from the same hive in the area of the mass pest. The multiresidue method was used to determine pesticide residues by gas and liquid chromatography. The analysis of pesticide residues showed significant differences in the concentrations of certain substances between dead and alive bees. Coumaphos was present in dead bees at a concentration of 0.095 mg/kg, while in living bees it was below the detection limit. Fipronil was also present in both samples, but in a higher concentration in dead bees (0,064 mg/kg) than in live bees (0,010 mg/kg). Difenconazole was found only in dead bees (0,012 mg/kg). Other pesticides were below detection limits. This research highlights the need for better communication between farmers who use pesticides and beekeepers. Timely exchange of information about pesticide treatments enables beekeepers to protect bees by adjusting activities or moving hives. Lack of communication can lead to unwanted exposure of bees to pesticides and threaten their survival and health, which highlights the need for better information and cooperation systems in agriculture.

• Keywords: Apis mellifera carnica; LC-MS/MS metoda; pesticidi; pčelarstvo
• Keywords (english): Apis mellifera carnica; LC-MS/MS method; pesticides; beekeeping
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:975389
• Study programme: Title: Plant Protection; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka zaštite bilja (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka zaštite bilja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-11-27 08:54:45