| Abstract | Jabuka je najčešće i kulturno najvažnija voćna vrsta umjerenih područja . Postoje 24 divlje vrste jabuka koje su raširene u Europi, Aziji i Sjevernoj Americi. Divlja jabuka (Malus sieversii), koja potječe iz centralne Azije, te šumska jabuka (Malus silvestris), koja potječe iz Europe navode se kao glavni donori gena koji su doveli do nastajanja današnje jabuke . Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je utvrditi pomološka svojstva 31 jesensko-zimskih sorata/genotipova jabuke iz kolekcije na pokušalištu Šašinovečki Lug te ih usporediti s dostupnim podacima iz literature. Plodovi sorata jabuke koje su analizirane: 'Rjavka', ' Zuccalmalgios Renette', 'Majdofija' , 'Wagener' , 'Kraljevčica', 'Paradija' , 'Petrovnjača', 'Citronka', 'Brutnika', 'Voštanka', 'Calville madame', 'Trdika' , 'Carević', 'Lederapfel', 'Slastica', 'Steirische Pogatschen', 'Srčika', 'Ilitzer Rosenapfel', 'Kolačara 1', 'Dedić-crvena', 'Siva jesenska kožara', 'Ananas', 'Pauler Weinappfel', 'Zelena 64-2', 'Paradija 2', 'Rajska', 'Kolačara 2', 'Mostapfel denning', 'Klecker mašanka', 'Mašanka', 'XX2'. Plodovi svake sorte jabuke opisani su prema UPOV-u (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) deskriptoru za jabuku. Genetska identifikacija izvršena je u NIAB EMR (NIAB East Malling Research Station, UK) mikrosatelitskim biljezima (SSR). Rezultati genetske identifikacije pomoću 12 SSR biljega uspoređena je s NIAB EMR bazom koja sadrži podatke za 2000 sorata jabuke. Analizama plodova utvrđeno je kako sorta 'Rjavka' ima najveću masu dok sorta 'XX2' ima najmanju masu, a najveću tvrdoću ima sorta 'Brutnika', a najmanju sorta 'Steirische Pogatschen'. Najveći stupanj razgradnje škroba imaju sorte: 'Calville Madame', 'Klecker mašanka', 'Kolačara 1', 'Kolačara 2', 'Kraljevčica', 'Mašanka', 'Mostapfel denning', 'Petrovnjača', 'Rajska', 'Slastica', 'Voštanka', 'XX2', 'Zelene 64-2', dok najmanje ima sorta 'Brutnika'. Najveću količinu topljive suhe tvari ima sorta 'Brutnika' te ujedno ima i najveći pH, dok najmanju količinu topljive suhe tvari ima sorta 'Rajska'. Najveću količinu ukupnih kiselina ima sorta 'Lederapfel', te najmanju količinu ima sorta 'Dedići-crvena', a ista sorta ima najveći omjer ukupne kiseline i topljive suhe tvari. Najveću visinu ima sorta 'Dedići-crvena' te najmanju ima sorta 'XX2'. Temeljem provedenih analiza na plodovima i dobivenim rezultatima može se zaključiti za da se tradicionalne sorte teško koriste u komercijalnoj proizvodnji. |
| Abstract (english) | Apple is the most common and culturally most important fruit species in temperate areas. There are 24 wild apple species that are widespread in Europe, Asia and North America. The wild apple (Malus sieversii), which originates from Central Asia, and the forest apple (Malus silvestris), which originates from Europe, are listed as the main donors of the genes that led to the formation of today's apple. The aim of this study was to determine pomological characteristics propertis of 31 autumn-winter varieties of fruits of apple from the collection at the Šašinovečki Lug exeperimental site and to compare them with the available data from the literature. Fruits of apple cultivars that have been analyzed: 'Rjavka', ' Zuccalmalgios Renette', 'Majdofija' , 'Wagener' , 'Kraljevčica', 'Paradija' , 'Petrovnjača', 'Citronka', 'Brutnika', 'Voštanka', 'Calville madame', 'Trdika' , 'Carević', 'Lederapfel', 'Slastica', 'Steirische Pogatschen', 'Srčika', 'Ilitzer Rosenapfel', 'Kolačara 1', 'Dedić-crvena', 'Siva jesenska kožara', 'Ananas', 'Pauler Weinappfel', 'Zelena 64-2', 'Paradija 2', 'Rajska', 'Kolačara 2', 'Mostapfel denning', 'Klecker mašanka', 'Mašanka', 'XX2'. The fruits of each apple variety are described according to the UPOV (International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) apple descriptor. Genetic identification was performed in NIAB EMR (NIAB East Malling Research Station, UK) microsatellite markers (SSR). The results of genetic identification using 12 SSR markers were compared with the NIAB EMR database containing data for 2000 apple cultivars. Fruit analyzes showed that the cultivar 'Rjavka' has the highest mass, while the cultivar 'XX2' has the lowest mass, and the cultivar 'Brutnika' has the highest hardness, and the cultivar 'Steirische Pogatschen' has the lowest. The varieties of 'Calville Madame', 'Klecker mašanka', 'Kolačara 1', 'Kolačara 2', 'Kraljevčica', 'Mašanka', 'Mostapfel denning', 'Petrovnjača', 'Rajska', 'Slastica have the highest degree of starch decomposition. ',' Voštanka ',' XX2 ',' Zelene 64-2 ', while the variety' Brutnika 'has the least. The cultivar 'Brutnika' has the highest amount of soluble dry matter and also has the highest pH, while the cultivar 'Rajska' has the lowest amount of soluble dry matter. The 'Lederapfel' variety has the highest amount of total acids, and the 'Dedići-crvena' variety has the lowest amount, and the same variety has the highest ratio of total acid and soluble dry matter. The highest height is the variety 'Dedići-crvena' and the lowest is the variety 'XX2'. Based on the performed analyzes on fruits and the obtained results, it can be concluded that traditional varieties are difficult to use in commercial production. |
