Title Genetska varijabilnost kraškog ovčara, tornjaka, šarplaninca i tibetskog terijera Title (english) Genetic variability of the karst shepherd, tornjak, sarplaninac and tibetan terrier Author Mateja Janeš Mentor Vlatka Čubrić Čurik (mentor)Mentor Peter Dovč Committee member Ino Čurik (član povjerenstva)Committee member Gregor Gorjanc Committee member Boris Lukić (član povjerenstva)Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2020-07-23, Croatia Scientific / art field, BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Universal decimal classificationUDC ) 59 - Zoology Abstract Psi kao atraktivni genetski model pokazuju impresivne međupasminske varijacije i visok stupanj pasminske homogenosti, a karakterizira ih značajan stupanj inbridinga i fiksiranja fenotipskih osobina. Određene pasmine uzgojene su na istom lokalitetu sa sličnim ciljevima te dijele zajedničku genetsku pozadinu. U ovom doktorskom radu analizirana je genetska struktura pastirskih pasmina pasa (LGD) s fokusom na tornjaka, šarplaninca i kraškog ovčara. Kao primjer pasmine s ekstremno „uskim grlom“ proučavane su linije tibetskog terijera osnovane u zapadnom svijetu i uzorci populacije izvornih tibetskih terijera. Za potrebe ove doktorske disertacije uzorkovano je 50 tornjaka, 50 šarplaninaca, 200 kraških ovčara i 64 tibetska terijera. Genealoške informacije o tornjaku i kraškom ovčaru izračunate su pomoću programa MaGelLAn 1.0. Ispitano je 18 mikrosatelitnih lokusa koje je predložilo Međunarodno društvo za genetiku životinja (ISAG) na ukupno 101 uzorku. Za određivanje genetske varijabilnosti kontrolne regije mitohondrijske DNA (CR mtDNA) analizirali smo ukupno 400 CR-a mtDNA. Uzorci 12 kraških ovčara, 12 šarplaninaca, 24 tornjaka i 24 tibetska terijera genotipizirani su nizom Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. Za daljnju analizu ukupno smo dodali 577 uzoraka od 46 pasmina i 10 uzoraka sivog vuka iz javno dostupnih baza podataka. Filogenetski odnosi analizirani su korištenjem mreže NeighborNet temeljene na Nei udaljenosti pomoću softvera SplitsTree4. Uzorci rascjepa i mješavina otkriveni su korištenjem softvera Treemix. Za ispitivanje strukture populacije iz podataka SNP čipa i mikrosatelita korištena je metoda grupiranja utemeljena modelom STRUCTURE. Nizovi homozigotnosti (ROH) identificirani su koristeći SNP & Variation Suite v8.8.3. Rezultati genetske varijabilnosti kraškog ovčara, šarplaninca i tornjaka pokazuju da su to tri jasno odijeljene pasmine koje pripadaju u grupu pastirskih pasa. Tornjaci su bliže srodni šarplanincima, dok su kraški ovčari nešto bliži njemačkom ovčaru. Tornjaka i šarplaninca karakterizira nizak stupanj i dugih i kratkih ROH-ova, dok kraški ovčar ima nešto viši stupanj. Rezultati tibetskih terijera otkrivaju značajnu razliku u genetskoj varijabilnosti između izvorne populacije tibetskog terijera i njegove zapadne populacije te su tibetski terijeri bliže srodni malim tibetskim pasminama pasa nego drugim terijerima. Izvornu populaciju tibetskog terijera karakterizira nizak stupanj, dok zapadna populacija ima znatno viši stupanj dugog ROH-a, a niska razina inbridinga izvornih tibetskih terijera rezultat je veće efektivne veličine populacije u usporedbi s njihovom zapadnom populacijom. Znanstveni doprinos je bolje razumijevanje genetskih struktura pasmina pasa malih efektivnih veličina, u svrhu poboljšanja uzgojno-selekcijskog rada kinoloških organizacija.
Abstract (english) Dogs as an attractive genetic model exhibit impressive inter breed variation and high degree of breed homogeneity, characterized by considerable degree of inbreeding and fixation of phenotypic traits. Certain breeds were bred locally with similar goals sharing common genetic background. In this thesis genetic structure of livestock guarding dogs (LGD) was analysed with a focus on Tornjak, Sharplanina Dog and Karst Shepherd. As an example of a breed with extreme bottleneck, western lineages of Tibetan Terrier and native Tibetan Terriers were analysed. 50 Tornjaks, 50 Sharplanina Dogs, 200 Karst Shepherds and 64 Tibetan Terriers were sampled. Genealogical information of Tornjaks and Karst Shepherds were calculated using the MaGelLAn 1.0 software. 18 microsatellite loci proposed by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG) were examined on 101 samples. To determine the genetic variability of the mitochondrial DNA control region (CR mtDNA), 400 CRs mtDNA were analysed. 12 Karst Shepherds, 12 Sharplanina Dogs, 24 Tornjaks and 24 Tibetan Terriers were genotyped with the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip. We added a total of 577 samples from 46 breeds and 10 gray wolfs from publicly available databases. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using a NeighborNet network based on Nei distance using SplitsTree4 software. Patterns of population splits and mixtures were detected using Treemix. STRUCTURE was used to examine the population structure from SNP chips and microsatellites. Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) were identified using SNP & Variation Suite. Genetic variability of Karst Shepherd, Sharplanina Dog and Tornjak shows that these are three clearly separated breeds from shepherd group. Tornjaks are closely related to Sharplanina Dog, while Karst Shepherds are closer to German Shepherds. Tornjak and Sharplanina Dog are characterized by a low degree of ROHs, while the Karst Shepherd has a slightly higher degree. They all have lower inbreeding and higher effective population sizes than some modern dog breeds. Results of Tibetan Terriers reveal a significant difference in genetic variability between the native population of the Tibetan Terrier and its western population, and Tibetan Terriers are closely related to small Tibetan dog breeds than other terriers. Native Tibetan Terriers are characterized by a low degree of long ROH, while the western population has a significantly higher degree of long ROH, and the low level of inbreeding of native Tibetan Terriers is the result of a larger effective population size compared to the western Tibetan Terrier population. Scientific contribution is in a better understanding of the genetic structures of dog breeds with small effective sizes, which can give better recommendations for breeding and selection.
Keywords
molekularni biljezi
genetska varijabilnost
filogenetika
struktura populacije
niz homozigotnosti
pas
kraški ovčar
šarplaninac
tornjak
tibetski terijer
Keywords (english)
molecular markers
genetic variability
phylogenetics
structure
runs of homozygosity
dog
Karst Shepherd
Sharplanina Dog
Tornjak
Tibetan Terrier
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:204:171948 Promotion 2020 Study programme Title: Agricultural Sciences Catalog URL http://161.53.95.232/cgi-bin/wero.cgi?q=580590002198 Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2020-11-30 12:22:42
