Prostorna varijabilnost otpora tla i trenutačne vlage u vinogradima različite starosti

master's thesis

• Author: Luka Roškar
• Mentor: Ivica Kisić (mentor)
• Committee member: Ivica Kisić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Edi Maletić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Mario Sraka (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (General Agronomy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-03-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy; Viticulture and Enology

Abstract

Zbijenost tla predstavlja najrašireniji oblik degradacije poljoprivrednih tala uzrokovan intenzivnim načinom poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Sve češći prolasci mehanizacije uslijed obrade tla, zaštite, berbe i ostalih agrotehničkih mjera, te klimatski uvjeti utječu na različite razine zbijenosti tala u vinogradima. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrde i usporede mehanički otpori tla na različitim položajima, unutar i između redova, u sedmogodišnjem i tridesetogodišnjem vinogradu, uslijed uobičajenog prometa mehanizacije i različite prostorne obrade tla. Istraživanja su provedena u vinogradima pokušališta Jazbina Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu na području kontinentalne Hrvatske (45° 51' S 16° 0' I, 258 m n.v.). Klima je umjerena kontinentalna s tridesetogodišnjim prosjekom (1961.-1990.) od 852 mm oborina i prosječnom godišnjom temperaturom od 10.3 °C. U travnju i srpnju, u tridesetogodišnjem vinogradu, te svibnju, kolovozu i prosincu, u sedmogodišnjem vinogradu, izmjereni su mehanički otpori tla unutar i između redova. Između redova otpori su mjereni u dvije varijante, obrađeni i zatravljeni međuredni prostor. Za provedbu istraživanja korišten je Eijkelkamp penetrologger. Jedno mjerenje sastojalo se od 72 uboda penetrometra između redova i 105 uboda unutar reda do dubine od 40 cm. Rezultati su pokazali da je statistički najmanji otpor tla zabilježen u obrađenom međurednom prostoru u oba vinograda, na što direktan utjecaj ima obrada tla. Također, u oba vinograda mehanički otpori tla rastu s povećanjem dubine, neovisno o položaju, pa su statistički najviše vrijednosti izmjerene na dubini od 40 cm, dok su najmanje vrijednosti zabilježene u površinskom sloju tla, 0-10 cm. Što se vremena uzorkovanja tiče, statistički najviši otpori izmjereni su u studenom, što je posljedica porasta prometa poljoprivredne mehanizacije usred izvršavanja neophodnih agrotehničkih mjera, zaštite i berbe. Vrijednosti otpora tla najviše ovise o trenutačnoj vlažnosti pa dobiveni rezultati ne daju potpunu sliku o zbijenosti istraživanih lokacija.

Abstract (english)

Soil compaction is the most common form of the degradation of agricultural soil caused by intensive farming. Intensive trafficking due tillage, protection, harvesting, other agricultural practices, together with climate affect on different levels of compaction of soils in the vineyards. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the mechanical resistance of the soil at different positions, both within and between the rows, in the seven-year and thirty-year vineyard, due to normal turnover of machinery and different tillage. Studie were conducted in the vineyards Jazbina Faculty of Agriculture in the continental Croatia (45 ° 51'S 16 ° 0 'and, 258 m above sea level). The climate is temperate continental with a thirty year's average (1961st to 1990th) of 852 mm of rainfall and an average annual temperature of 10.3 ° C. In April and July, in the thirty-year vineyard and May, August and December, in the seven-year vineyard, the mechanical resistance was measured of the soil within and between rows. Inter row resistance was measured in two ways – cultivated and grass covered. For the sake of the survey was used Eijkelkamp penetrologger. One measurement included 72 repetitions with penetrometer between the lines and 105 repetitions in the interrows at a depth of 40 cm. The results showed that, statistically, the smallest penetration resistance was determined in the tilled soil between the rows in both of the vineyards which is direct impact of tillage. Also, in both vineyards' soils mechanical resistance increased with depth, regardless of measurement position and statistically the greatest values were measured at a depth of 40 cm, while the lowest values were observed in the surface layer of soil, at 0-10 cm. As far as the time of sampling, statistically the highest resistance was measured in November, as a result of an increase trafficking of agricultural machinery as the result of carrying out the necessary agro-technical measures, protection and harvesting. Resistance values mostly depend about current soil moisture and therefore results of investigation do not provide complete evaluation of soil compaction on investigated vineyards.

• Keywords: zbijenost tla; vinograd; trenutna vlažnost tla; mehanički otpori tla
• Keywords (english): soil compaction; vineyard; current soil moisture; mehanical soil resistance
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:443702
• Study programme: Title: Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede i agroturizma (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede i agroturizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-05-23 11:29:08