Promjene pokrova i kemijskih značajki tla pri različitim načinima korištenja zemljišta u nacionalnom parku Mljet

master's thesis

• Title (english): Changes in cover and chemical properties of land in different ways of land use in the national park Mljet
• Author: Biljana Pilić
• Mentor: Aleksandra Perčin (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Perčin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Lepomir Čoga (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Šestak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (General Agronomy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-12-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Otok Mljet proglašen je 'zelenim otokom' zbog nacionalnog parka Mljet koji je smješten na zapadnom dijelu otoka. Zbog razvoja turizma, ali i depopulacije otoka zabilježen je trend smanjenja poljoprivrednih površina unutar granica Parka. Primarni cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi stanje i promjene zemljišnog pokrova unutar granica NP Mljet u razdoblju od 1980. - 2012. godine te utvrditi kemijske značajke tla s obzirom na prijašnje različito korištenje zemljišta na lokaciji Bobovište u zoni usmjerene zaštite NP Mljet kao i preporučiti gnojidbu maslina vodeći se principima ekološke poljoprivrede. Analiza promjene korištenja zemljišta unutar nacionalnog parka Mljet prema CLC klasifikaciji u razdoblju 1980. – 2012. godine provedena je u ArcGIS 9 (ArcMap 9.3) programskom paketu. Zbrojene su sve vrijednosti namjene zemljišta koje su unutar atributne tablice baznog sloja pripadale istoj kategoriji te je na takav način utvrđeno korištenje zemljišta prema definiranim CLC kategorijama u pojedinoj godini. Uzorkovanje tla na lokaciji Bobovište provedeno je u kolovozu 2016. godine, a lišća masline u kolovozu 2017. Rezultati otkrivaju povećanje površina prekrivenih šumom, kao i smanjenje udjela poljoprivredno obradivih površina i kultiviranih parcela što je posljedica izraženog procesa sukcesije šume. Prema rezultatima kemijskih parametara tla, površina maslinika je neutralne reakcije, a tlo je umjereno opskrbljeno fiziološki aktivnim fosforom, vrlo bogato opskrbljeno fiziološki aktivnim kalijem, vrlo jako humozno te vrlo bogato dušikom. Također, rezultati statističke analize ukazuju da nisu utvrđene značajne razlike u kemijskim značajkama tla s obzirom na različito korištenje zemljišta, ali je zabilježena relativno veća akumulacija humusa i ukupnog dušika u šumskom tlu u odnosu na tlo maslinika. Rezultati analize lišća otkrivaju da je prisutan suvišak fosfora (0,388 %), te nedostatka dušika (1,45 %). Temeljem dobivenih rezultata, osnovnu gnojidbu maslinika potrebno je provoditi sa 40 do 60 kg/ha P2O5 i 80 do 100 kg/ha K2O. Prihranu dušičnim gnojiva potrebno je provesti koncem ožujka, a prema potrebi i tijekom svibnja s količinom 80 – 120 kg/ha.

Abstract (english)

Island of Mljet was declared ''green island'' regarding to national park Mljet, which is based on the west part of island. Due to tourism development, but also depopulation of the island, there has been a trend of reducing agricultural areas within the boundaries of the Park. The primary aim of this masters thesis was to determine the condition and changes of the land cover within the boundaries of NP Mljet in the period from 1980 to 2012. Moreover, it was important to determine the chemical properties of the soil given the previously different use of land at Bobovište site in the protected area of NP Mljet, as well as recommend the fertilization of olives leading to the principles of ecological agriculture. The analysis of changes in the use of land within the national park Mljet, according to the CLC classification in the period from 1980 to 2012, was carried out in the ArcGIS 9 (ArcMap 9.3) program package. All the values of the land use that are counted within the attribute table of the base layer, belonged to the same category. The use of land according to defined CLC categories in a given year was determined in this way. Soil sampling on Bobovište location was carried out in August 2016, and leaves of olive in August 2017. The results reveal an increase in the area covered by forests as well as the reduction of the share of agricultural land and cultivated plots resulting from the process od succession of forests. According to the chemical parameters of the soil, the surface of the olive tree is a neutral reaction. The soil is moderately supplied with physiologically active phosphorus, very richly supplied with physiologically active potassium, very humorous and very rich in nitrogen. Also, the results of the statistical analysis indicate that no significant differences in the chemical characteristics of the soil have been established due to the different use of land. However, there is a relatively higher accumulation of humus and total nitrogen in the forest soil compared to the soil of the olive groves. The results of leaf analysis reveal that phosphorus excess (0,388 %) and nitrogen deficiency (1,45 %) are present.

• Keywords: zaštićena područja; zemljišni pokrov; tlo; gnojidba; masline
• Keywords (english): protected areas; land cover; soil; fertilization; olives
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:192404
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-01-17 08:51:32