Stanje zaslanjenosti tla i koncentracije dostupnih hranjiva u nasadima mandarine različitog načina gospodaranja

master's thesis

• Author: Ana Matija Mijatović
• Mentor: Marija Romić (mentor)
• Committee member: Marija Romić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gabrijel Ondrašek (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Goran Fruk (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Monika Zovko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Soil Amelioration); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-12-14, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Stoljećima je delta Neretve diktirala opseg ljudske civilizacije i njegove aktivnosti na svojim prostorima. Klimatske značajke doline Neretve uvjetovane su blizinom Jadranskog mora i okolnim reljefom. U delti Neretve postoje dva osnovna preduvjeta koja omogućavaju razvoj intenzivne poljoprivrede. To su mediteranska klima i prisutnost tala nastalih aluvijalnom sedimentacijom koja su antropogenizirana te se njihov visoki agrarni potencijal iskorištava. Upotrebom sve naprednijih metoda uzgoja te intenzivnih melioracijskih zahvata, opseg proizvodnje je zadnjih desetljeća vidno rastao što je dovelo i do dijela neizostavnih štetnih promjena u okolišu. S jedne strane se javlja sve veća opasnost plavljenja, a s druge strane dolazi do dugotrajnih sušnih razdoblja dok pretjerana eksploatacija podzemnih i površinskih tokova ima za posljedicu intruziju mora. Kako je delta Neretve vrlo važan ruralni prostor Republike Hrvatske, a pogotovo kada se radi o proizvodnji ranog povrća i citrusa, sve njene probleme treba sagledati jednako sa socijalnog i ekonomskog aspekta. Velik broj ljudi izravno i neizravno ovise o poljoprivrednoj djelatnosti stoga da bi se održala poljoprivredna proizvodnja ali i planirale smjernice za preporuke poljoprivredne proizvodnje važna je ocjena stanja tla. Cilj ovog rada je odrediti stupanj saliniteta tla i koncentracije dostupnih hranjiva u odabranim nasadima mandarina na melioracijskom području Vidrice u dolini Neretve. Uzorkovano je tlo u deset voćnjaka koji se razlikuju po načinu gospodarenja . Tlo je uzorkovano sondiranjem do 1m po segmentima od 25 cm. pH vrijednost istraživanih uzoraka nalazi se u rasponu od 7,6 do 8,2 što varira o dubini tla. Prema elektorvodljivosti tlo u prve tri dubine, do 75cm, se može klasificirati kao nezaslanjeno dok na dubini od 75-100cm tlo pokazuje slabu zaslanjenost. U ispitivanim uzorcima tla nema vidnih razlika u u djelu organske tvari u površinskom i podpovršinskom sloju. Analiza koncentracija biljci pristupačnih fosfora i kalija je pokazala da nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika u koncentraciji fosfora, niti kalija po razmatranim dubinama, no vidljiva mjestimice povećana koncentracija oba elementa što ukazuje na nedavnu primjenu sredstava prihrane nasada i korištenje sustava navodnjavanja.

Abstract (english)

For centuries the Neretva confluence dictated the scope of human civilization and activities on its land. Climatic characteristics of the Neretva valley were caused by the proximity of the Adriatic Sea and the surrounding relief. In the Neretva confluence there are two basic prerequisites that enable the development of intensive agriculture. These are the Mediterranean climate and the presence of alluvialsoils formed by sedimentation which are anthropogenized and its high agricultural potential is exploiting. Using all the advanced methods of cultivation and intensive land reclamation operations, the scale of production is visibly growing in the last decade leading to the inevitable adverse changes in the enviroment. On the one hand there is a growing danger of flooding, and on the other hand there is a long dry period, while overexploitation of groundwater and surface water causes sea intrusion.The Neretva confluence is a very important rural area in Croatia, especially when it comes to the production of early vegetables and citrus, so all its problems should be seen as both social and economic aspects. A large number of people are directly and indirectly dependent on agricultural activity, therefore, to maintain the agricultural production or to plan the guidelines for the recommendations of agricultural production, the land monitoring and assessment are necesarry. The aim of this study was to determine the stage of soil salinity and concentrations of available nutrients in selected tangerine orchards on amelioration area Vidrice in the Neretva valley. The sampling was conducted in ten orchards which all differ in the way of land management. The soil was sampled boring to 1m in segments of 25cm. The pH value of the studied samples are in the range of 7.6 to 8.2 which varies depending on the depth of the soil. According to the electroconductivity ground in the first three depths, up to 75cm, can be classified as unsalted and at the depth of 75-100 cm soil show slow salinity. In the analyzed soil samples there is no visible difference in the amount of organic matterin surface and subsurface layer. The analysis of the concentration of the plant accessible phosphorus and potassium has been shown that there was no statistically significant difference in the concentration of phosphorus or potassium per descussed depths, but there is a visible increase in the concentration of both elements in general indicating a recent application of fertilization and the use of irrigation systems.

• Keywords: Neretva; tlo; nasad mandarina; navodnjavanje; zaslanjenost
• Keywords (english): Neretva river; soil; tangerine orchards; irrigation; salinity
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:586442
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-01-12 12:47:57