Oplemenjivanje jabuke na okolinske stresove

master's thesis

• Title (english): Breeding apple to enviromental stresses
• Author: Filip Klapač
• Mentor: Snježana Bolarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Snježana Bolarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Skendrović Babojelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Tihomir Miličević (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleš Vokurka (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Breeding Genetics, Biometrics and Experimentation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-20, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Jabuka (Malus x domestica Borkh.) je danas najvažnija voćna vrsta umjerenog klimatskog
pojasa. Važnost genetske varijabilnosti unutar roda Malus kod oplemenjivanja je postojanje
gena otpornosti u raznim divljim srodnicima jabuke. Konvencionalni i monosortni uzgoj
uzrokuje lakše stvaranje novih rasa patogena, a povećava se i rezistentnost štetnika na
insekticide. Nove otporne sorte jabuka posjeduju gene otpornosti na ekonomski najvažnije
bolesti i štetnike kao što su: fuzikladij, pepelnica, bakterijska palež i biljne uši.
Oplemenjivanje podloga usmjereno je na unošenje otpornih gena prema uzročniku bakterijske
paleži i raku korjenovog vrata. Otpornost jabuke na mrazove i niske temperature omogućuje
sigurniju proizvodnju u ekstremnim temperaturnim uvjetima Najčešća metoda hibridizacije
kojom se stvaraju otporne sorte je povratno križanje. Pirimidizacijom gena unosi se veći broj
major gena otpornosti i poligenetske otpornosti na bolesti i štetnike. Upotrebom molekularnih
markera omogućuje se uspješnija selekcija potomstava i odabir roditelja.

Abstract (english)

Nowadays, the apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) is the most important fruit species of
temperate climate zone. The importance of genetic variability within the genus Malus at
breeding is presence of resistance genes in a variety of wild apples relatives. Conventional
and monovarietal cultivation can easily create new races of the pathogen, and increase the
resistance of pests to insecticides. New resistant apple varieties posses genes for resistance to
economically important diseases and pests such as scab, powdery mildew, bacterial blight and
aphids. Breeding rootstocks is focused on the introduction of resistant genes to fire blight and
crown rot. Apple resistance to frosts and low temperatures allows safer production in extreme
temperature conditions. The most common method of hybridization that create resistant
varieties is a back crossing. A higher number of major resistance genes and polygenic
resistance to disease and pests is introduced with gene pyramiding. Using molecular markers
allows the successful selection of progeny and parental choice.

• Keywords: jabuka; geni otpornosti; bolesti i štetnici; mraz; hibridizacija; molekularni markeri
• Keywords (english): apple; resistance genes; diseases and pests; frost; hybridization; molecular markers
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:458284
• Study programme: Title: Horticulture; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-12-15 10:46:12