Fragmentacija staništa: novi uvid u raspravu o bioraznolikosti

undergraduate thesis

• Title (english): Habitat fragmentation: a new insight into the biodiversity debate
• Author: Nika Šivak
• Mentor: Andreja Brigić (mentor)
• Committee member: Andreja Brigić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nataša Bokan (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Krešimir Bošnjak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Fran Rebrina (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-18, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Bioraznolikost, odnosno raznolikost živih bića na Zemlji obuhvaća raznolikost živog svijeta na
svim razinama biološke organizacije, od gena do ekosustava. Posljednjih godina ubrzano dolazi
do smanjenja bioraznolikosti na globalnoj razini, prvenstveno zbog uništavanja prirodnih
staništa uslijed antropogene aktivnosti te klimatskih promjena. Jedan od uzroka je i
fragmentacija staništa, pod kojom podrazumijevamo proces nastanka diskontinuiteta u
dostupnosti staništa, zbog čega populacije pojedinih vrsta postaju izolirane, uzrokujući
fragmentaciju populacije i promjene na razini ekosustava. Najčešće do fragmentacije dolazi
antropogenim utjecajem poput izgradnje prometnica, kanala, građevina, obradivih površina,
deforestacije i slično, uslijed čega dolazi do stvaranja rubnog efekta koji podrazumijeva
promjene u bioraznolikosti na rubnim područjima dvaju ili više susjednih ekosustava. Negativni
utjecaji fragmentacije su povećanje izolacije fragmenata pogodnog staništa i smanjenje
površine tih fragmenata čime se smanjuje brojnost u prirodnim populacijama, što u konačnici
može rezultirati njihovim nestankom i izumiranjem. S druge strane, fragmentacija staništa
potencijalno dovodi do povećanja lokalne raznolikosti odnosno bogatstva vrsta povećanjem
heterogenosti staništa, čime se povećava dostupnost pojedinih ekoloških niša, omogućujući
koegzistenciju većeg broja vrsta na ograničenom prostoru. U ovom radu cilj je opisati utjecaj
fragmentacije na bioraznolikost na različitim razinama ekološke hijerarhije, te usporediti
oprečne koncepte.

Abstract (english)

Biodiversity, the variety of living organisms on Earth, encompasses the diversity of life at all
levels of biological organization, from genes to ecosystems. In recent years, there has been a
rapid decline in biodiversity on a global scale, primarily due to degradation of natural habitats
resulting from anthropogenic activities and climate change. One of the major causes is habitat
fragmentation, which refers to the process of creating discontinuities in habitat availability,
causing populations of certain species to become isolated, leading to population fragmentation
and changes at the ecosystem level. Fragmentation typically occurs due to human activities
such as the construction of roads, canals, buildings, agricultural lands, deforestation, and
similar activities, resulting in an edge effect, which entails changes in biodiversity at the
boundaries between two or more adjacent ecosystems. The negative impacts of fragmentation
include increased isolation of suitable habitat fragments and a reduction in the size of these
fragments, which in turn reduces natural population numbers, potentially leading to their
disappearance and extinction. On the other hand, habitat fragmentation can increase local
diversity or species richness by increasing habitat heterogeneity and niche availability, thus
allowing for the co-existence of a higher number of different species within a particular habitat.
The main goal of this paper is to describe the impact of fragmentation on biodiversity at
different levels of ecological hierarchy and to compare opposing concepts.

• Keywords: bioraznolikost; fragmentacija; ekosustav; stanište
• Keywords (english): biodiversity; fragmentation; ecosystem; habitat
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:308595
• Study programme: Title: Landscape Architecture; Study programme type: university; Study level: undergraduate; Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka krajobrazne arhitekture (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) inženjer/inženjerka krajobrazne arhitekture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2024-11-19 07:47:00