Proizvodnja nanoceluloze iz odabranih posliježetvenih ostataka

master's thesis

• Title (english): Production of nanocellulose from selected post-harvest residues
• Author: Iva Garofulić
• Mentor: Vanja Jurišić (mentor)
• Mentor: Nikola Španić (komentor)
• Committee member: Vanja Jurišić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Španić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Matin (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nataša Hulak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Sustainable Technologies and Renewable Energy Sources); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Problemi poput onečišćenja i propadanja okoliša ugrožavaju budućnost ljudske vrste na planetu. Kako bi promijenili smjer u kojem čovječanstvo ide potrebno je uklopiti održivi razvoj u postojeći način života. Jedan od načina je korištenje ekološki prihvatljivih materijala koji pomažu u smanjenju negativnog utjecaja antropogenih aktivnosti na okoliš, poput biokompozitnih materijala. Nanoceluloza je prirodni polimer dobiven iz celuloze koji služi kao dodatak u biokompozitnim materijalima za... More poboljšanje svojstava. U ovom radu detaljno su opisani uvod u problem, energija iz biomase i poljoprivredna biomasa te nanoceluloza; struktura, proizvodnja i korist.
Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati svojstva posliježetvenih ostataka kukuruza (Zea mays), pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) i ječma (Hordeum vulgare L.), proizvesti čestice nanokristalne celuloze procesom ekstrakcije te utvrditi njihova svojstva.
U ovom istraživanju analizirana su svojstva posliježetvenih ostataka kukuruza, pšenice i ječma. Provedene su analize za sadržaja vode, pepela, koksa, fiksiranog ugljika i hlapivih tvari, CHNS analiza i ogrjevna vrijednost. Potom je proizvedena nanokristalna celuloza iz spomenutih kultura. Nanokristalna celuloza je zatim analizirana za sadržaj vode i suhe tvari i elektrolitičku provodljivost na različitim temperaturama uzoraka.
Iz provedenog istraživanja može se zaključiti da su rezultati primarnih analiza usporedivi sa ostalim istraživanjima istih kultura. Pri kiselinskoj hidrolizi u svrhu izvlačenja nanokristalne celuloze potrebna je kontrola procesa i točna koncentracija kiseline. S obzirom na miješanje čestica nanokristalne i mikrokristalne celuloze tijekom sedimentacije potrebno je filtrirati mješavinu u svrhu odvajanja nanokristalne celuloze. Nakon membranske dijalize potrebno je homogenizirati dobivenu nanokristalnu celulozu kako bi se čestice uzoraka pravilno rasporedile. Iz provedenih analiza nanoceluloze može se zaključiti kako je postotak suhe tvari vrlo nizak (ispod 1 %), te kako je elektrolitička provodljivost nanoceluloze niska, ali se linearno povećava sa povisivanjem temperature uzoraka. Less

Abstract (english)

Issues such as pollution and environmental degradation threaten the future of the human species on the planet. To change the current direction of humanity, it is necessary to integrate sustainable development into our existing way of life. One approach is the use of environmentally friendly materials that help reduce the negative impact of anthropogenic activities on the environment, such as biocomposite materials. Nanocellulose is a natural polymer derived from cellulose, which is used... More as an additive in biocomposite materials to enhance their properties. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the problem, energy from biomass, agricultural biomass, and nanocellulose—its structure, production, and applications.
The goal of this study was to analyze the properties of post-harvest residues of corn (Zea mays), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), to produce nanocrystalline cellulose particles through the extraction process, and to determine their properties.
In this research, the properties of post-harvest residues of corn, wheat, and barley were analyzed. The analyses included moisture content, ash content, coke, fixed carbon, volatile matter, CHNS analysis, and calorific value. Nanocrystalline cellulose was then produced from these crops. The nanocrystalline cellulose was subsequently analyzed for moisture and dry matter content, as well as for electrolytic conductivity at different sample temperatures.
The conducted research shows that the results of the primary analyses are comparable with other studies of the same crops. During acid hydrolysis to extract nanocrystalline cellulose, rigorous process control and precise acid concentration are required. Due to the mixing of nanocrystalline and microcrystalline cellulose particles during sedimentation, it is necessary to filter the mixture to separate the nanocrystalline cellulose. After membrane dialysis, the obtained nanocrystalline cellulose must be homogenized to ensure the uniform distribution of sample particles. The final analyses reveal that the percentage of dry matter is very low (below 1%) and that the electrolytic conductivity of nanocrystalline cellulose is low but increases linearly with rising sample temperatures. Less

• Keywords: nanoceluloza; nanokristalna celuloza; kukuruz (Zea mays); pšenica (Triticum aestivum L.); ječam (Hordeum vulgare L.); posliježetveni ostaci; biomasa
• Keywords (english): Nanocellulose; Nanocrystalline cellulose; Corn (Zea mays); Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); Post-harvest residues; Biomass
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:269553
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologije (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-10-29 08:24:56