Fitoremedijacija kadmija i žive iz tla pomoću trave Miscanthus x giganteus

master's thesis

• Author: Kristina Knez
• Mentor: Željka Zgorelec (mentor)
• Committee member: Željka Zgorelec (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Bensa (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivica Kisić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Bilandžija (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (General Agronomy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-29, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Zagađenje poljoprivrednih tala teškim metalima, kao i drugi oblici degradacije tla, postaju sve
veći problem u modernoj poljoprivredi, ali i očuvanju okoliša u cjelini. Kemijski i fizikalni
tretmani tla uzrokuju ireverzibilne promjene tla, uništavaju biološku raznolikost, uspješni su u
vraćanju gotovo svih uloga tla, osim uloge tla kao supstrata za uzgoj bilja. Zbog toga se javila
težnja za razvojem tehnologija kojima bi se mogla povratiti proizvodna uloga tla bez da se
utječe na plodnost tla.... More Jedna od takvih metoda je fitoremedijacija, metoda koja koristi biljke
koje uklanjanju, stabiliziraju ili degradiraju teške metale u tlu. Stoga je cilj ovoga rada bio
istražiti mogućnost fitoremedijacije kadmija i žive iz tla pomoću Miscanthus x giganteus, koja
je ujedno kultura za proizvodnju energije. Posađeni su rizomi trogodišnjeg M. x giganteus u
vegetacijskoj godini 2014./2015. Eksperimentalni dizajn je postavljen prema slučajnom
bloknom rasporedu, a tretmani su se međusobno razlikovali po koncentracijama Cd (0, 10 i
100 mg/kg tla) i Hg (0, 2 i 20 mg/kg tla) dodanih u tlo. Pretpostavilo se da će Miscanthus koji
će izrasti na tlu s različitim dozama onečišćenja Cd i Hg različito reagirati na kvalitetu i
kvantitetu biomase te da će različito akumulirati Cd i Hg. Tlo korišteno u istraživanju je
praškasto - ilovaste teksture, kisele reakcije (pHKCl=5,12) i slabo humozno (OM=2,26 %).
Vrijednosti prinosa kretale su se od 13,6 t/ha u godini (L2) do 20,4 t/ha u godini (C) i nisu bile
signifikantno različite između tretmana. Koncentracija Cd u biljci kretala se od 45,47 μg/kg
(C) do 69,11 μg/kg (L2), a koncentracija Hg od 8,68 μg/kg (C) do 11,44 μg/kg (L2) i
vrijednosti između tretmana su bile signifikantno različite (p<0,005). M. x giganteus se nije
pokazao kao najprikladniji izbor za fitoekstrakciju Cd i Hg jer je po hektaru u godini
iznošenje nadzemnom biomasom (ili prinosom) bilo 0,81 g Cd (L2) do 1,33 g Cd (L1 + SS) i
0,15 g Hg (L2) do 0,22 g Hg (L1 + SS). Prema izračunatom koeficijentu obogaćivanja (EC)
koji se za Cd kretao od 0,382 (C) do 0,581 (L2), a za Hg od 0,132 (C i L1) do 0,173 (L2)
zaključujemo da je M. x giganteus umjereni akumulator Cd i Hg, a potencijal ekstrakcije
drugih teških metala potrebno je istražiti.
Dobiveni podaci pokazali su kako je Miscanthus kao vrijedan energetski usjev potencijalan
kandidat za proces fitostabilizacije i proizvodnje biomase na tlima kontaminiranim s Cd i Hg. Less

Abstract (english)

Pollution of agricultural soils with heavy metals, along with other forms of degradation, is
becoming an increasingly bigger problem in modern agriculture, but also in preserving the
environment as a whole. Chemical and physical treatments are useful in returning almost all
functional roles of soil, except as a supstrate for plant growth. There is a need for new, less
expensive technologies which could return its functional roles, without affecting fertility.
Such method is phytoremediation,... More which uses plants that remove, stabilize or degrade heavy
metals in soil. The aim of this paper was to phytostabilization of cadmium and mercury from
soil with Miscanthus x giganteus. Three years old rhizomes of M. x giganteus were planted in
vegetative year 2014./1015. Experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design
and the treatments varied in concentrations of Cd (0, 10 i 100 mg/kg soil) and Hg (0, 2 i 20
mg/kg soil) added to the soil. It was assumed that plants grown on soil with different levels of
Cd and Hg will react differently, in terms of biomass quality and quantity, and that they will
accumulate them differently. Soil texture is silty, with acid pH value (pHKCl=5,12) and weakly
humid (OM=2,26 %). Yield values ranged from 13.6 (L2) to 20.4 (C) t/ha per year and were
not significantly different between treatments. Concetration of Cd in the plant varied from
45.47 (C) to 69.11 (L2) μg/kg, Hg varied from 8.68 (C) to 11.44 (L2) μg/kg and values
between treatments were significantly different (p<0,005). M. x giganteus is not the best
choice for phytoextraction of Cd and Hg, because it accumulated only 0.81(L2) to 1.33 (L1 +
SS) g of Cd and 0.15 (L2) to 0.22 (L1 + SS) g of Hg per hectare per year in above biomass.
According to the calculated enrichment coefficient, which ranged from 0.382 (C) to 0.581
(L2) for Cd and from 0.132 (C i L1) to 0.173 (L2) for Hg, it can be concluded that M. x
giganteus is a moderate accumulator of Cd and Hg and its potential for extraction of other
metals needs to be researched.
Acquired data has shown that Miscanthus, as a valuable energy crop, is a potential candidate
for the process of phytostabilization and biomass production on soils contaminated with Cd
and Hg. Less

• Keywords: zagađenje poljoprivrednih tala; teški metali; fitostabilizacija; koeficijent obogaćivanja
• Keywords (english): pollution of agricultural soils; heavy metals; phytostabilization; enrichment coefficient
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:832361
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-12-01 11:03:47