Biologija i ekologija mišjeg repka (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.)

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Title (english): Biology and ecology of cereal weed Alopecurus myosurioides Huds. (Black-grass)
• Author: Valentina Šoštarčić
• Author: Maja Šćepanović
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Biology
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract (croatian)

Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (mišji repak) učestala je jednogodišnja uskolisna korovna vrsta u usjevu ozimih žitarica. Povećanim brojem rezistentnih populacija u zapadnoj Europi na različite mehanizme djelovanja herbicida sve se veća važnost pridaje poznavanju biologije i ekologije ove vrste. Nicanje mišjeg repka odvija se u jesen i u proljeće. Veći dio populacije (80 %) ponikne ujesen te je suzbijanje mišjeg repka usmjereno na to razdoblje. Jedinke koje poniknu ujesen naprednije su u razvoju te razvijaju veći broj izbojaka, posljedično i veći broj klasova koji nose sjemenke. Proljetne jedinke češće su alternativni domaćini opasnog patogena Claviceps purpurea. Mišji repak dobro podnosi niske temperature, a niče već na 0 °C (biološki minimum). Biološki vodni potencijal (minimalna količina vode u tlu potrebna za nicanje) za ovu vrstu iznosi ‐1,50 MPa. Za razliku od vrste Apera spica‐venti koja se također pojavljuje u usjevu ozimih žitarica, Alopecurus myosuroides najčešće se pojavljuje na teškim, glinastim tlima s visokim sadržajem vode, a Apera spicaventi niče na lakšim i pjeskovitim tlima. Optimalna je dubina za nicanje mišjeg repka 0 do 2 cm. Zbog toga vrsta predstavlja veći problem u no‐till sustavima obrade, gdje se nerijetko pojavljuje u većoj gustoći. Obrada je jedna od najučinkovitijih nekemijskih mjera suzbijanja mišjeg repka, ali ipak ne i najpouzdanija. Varijabilnosti u učinkovitosti nekemijskih metoda suzbijanja kao što je obrada tla, povezuju se s biologijom vrste (različit stupanj dormantnosti), klimatskim uvjetima i agrotehnikom proizvodnje. Pouzdano i učinkovito suzbijanje postiže se kombinacijom nekemijskih mjera s herbicidima različitog mehanizma djelovanja (antirezistentna strategija).

Abstract (english)

Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (black‐grass) is annual weed species in winter cereal crops. With an increasing number of resistant populations in Western Europe on various herbicides mode of action, interest in the biology and ecology of this species has increased. The black‐grass emergence is divided in two phases: autumn and spring emergence. The majority of the population (80 %) emergences in the autumn and the control of blackgrass is focused on this period. Plants emerged during the autumn develop more tillers and consequently a larger number of seed heads with seed. Spring individuals are more likely to be alternative hosts of the pathogen Claviceps purpurea. Blackgrass is a typical winter species and is well adjusted to low temperatures and its base temperature is estimated to 0 °C. The base water potential (the minimum amount of water in the soil needed to promote the germination) for this species is ‐1.50 MPa. Unlike the morphologically similarity to Apera spicaventi which also occurs in winter cereals, Alopecurus myosuroides occurs most in heavy, clay soils with high water content, while Apera spica‐venti emerges in lighter and sandy soils. The optimum soil depth for the black‐grass emergence is 0‐2 cm (surface layer of soil). For this reason, the species is a bigger problem in no‐till processing systems, where it often occurs at higher density. Ploughing is one of the most effective non‐chemical measures to suppress the blackgrass, but is not the most reliable. Variability in the effectiveness of nonchemical methods such as ploughing is associated with the biology of the species (different degree of dormancy), climatic conditions and farming practices. Reliable and effective suppression is achieved by combining nonchemical measures with chemical measures using herbicides with different mode of action (anti‐resistant strategy).

• Keywords (croatian): žitarice, korov, ozimi, repak
• Keywords (english): cereal, winter weed, blackgrass
• Language: croatian
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review - domestic
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Glasilo biljne zaštite
• Numbering: vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 508-518
• p-ISSN: 1332-9545
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:999507
• Publication: 2019
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/237106
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-03-21 08:08:30