Zaštita žitarica od štetnika pri skladištenju

Professional paper - Professional paper

• Title (english): Protection of cereals from pests during storage
• Author: Darija Lemić
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract (croatian)

Uskladištene žitarice, osobito pšenica koja se žanje u najtoplijem dobu godine, podložne su brzoj zarazi štetnicima, ponajprije onima zaostalima u samim skladišnim prostorima. Ponekad zaraza u skladišta bude donesena i s polja, odnosno transportnim sredstvima. Štetnici svojim metabolizmom i aktivnošću smanjuju količinu i umanjuju kvalitetu zrna. Infekcije kukcima u skladištima mogu dovesti do ekonomskih gubitaka od 9 do 20 %. Povoljni uvjeti u skladištima (temperatura i vlaga) pogoduju razvoju kukaca, što dovodi do kontaminacije uskladištenih žitarica, promjene boje, mirisa i njihova okusa. Za uspješno čuvanje žitarica u skladištima potrebno je kontrolirati uvjete. Brojnost raspoloživih pesticida za tretiranje zrna uskladištenih žitarica iz godine se u godinu smanjuje, a njihova ekotoksikološka svojstva povećavaju zabrinutost u pogledu zaštite okoliša i sigurnosti, naglašavajući potrebu za novim metodama i tehnologijama suzbijanja štetnika. Štetnike u skladišnim prostorima može se suzbijati kombinacijom različitih fizikalnih metoda, od tretmana ekstremnim temperaturama (zagrijavanje i hlađenje), tretmana uskladištenih žitarica inertnim prašivima do korištenja kontrolirane atmosfere. Osim preventivnih higijenskih mjera te kurativnih fizikalnih metoda, zrno u skladištima može se zaštiti primjenom insekticida poput pirimifos-metila i fumiganata poput magnezijeva fosfida. Prije odluke o primjeni kemijskih mjera svakako treba iscrpiti brojne fizikalne mogućnosti zaštite žitarica tijekom skladištenja.

Abstract (english)

Stored grain, especially wheat harvested during the hottest time of the year, is susceptible to rapid pest infestation, especially residual pests from storage facilities, and sometimes infestations are brought from the field or during transportation. Pests reduce the quantity and quality of grain with their metabolism and activity. Insect infestations in warehouses can result in economic losses of 9 to 20%. Favorable conditions in warehouses (temperature and humidity) favor the development of insects, which leads to contamination of stored grain, changes in color, odor and taste. For successful storage of grain in warehouses, it is necessary to create and maintain favorable conditions to prevent quality degradation and volume loss. The number of pesticides available to treat stored grain is decreasing each year, and their ecotoxicological properties are increasing environmental and safety concerns, underscoring the need for new pest control methods and technologies. Storage pests can be controlled by a combination of physical methods, from extreme temperature treatment (heating and cooling) to treating stored grain with inert powders and using a controlled atmosphere. In addition to preventive sanitation and curative physical methods, grain in warehouses can be protected by the use of insecticides such as pirimiphos-methyl and fumigants such as magnesium phosphide. Before deciding to use chemical measures, be sure to exhaust the many physical options available to protect grain during storage.

• Keywords (croatian): skladišta, inertna prašiva, kontrolirana atmosfera, ozon, ekstremne temperature
• Keywords (english): storage systems, inert dust, controlled atmosphere, ozone, extreme temperatures
• Language: croatian
• Publication type: Professional paper - Professional paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review - domestic
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Glasilo biljne zaštite
• Numbering: vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 389-396
• p-ISSN: 1332-9545
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:951794
• Publication: 2022
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/278833
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-02-06 08:05:53