Oplemenjivanje orhideja (Dendrobium spp.)

master's thesis

• Title (english): Orchid breeding (Dendrobium spp.)
• Author: Silvia Altarac
• Mentor: Aleš Vokurka (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleš Vokurka (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vesna Židovec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravka Dujmović Purgar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Breeding Genetics, Biometrics and Experimentation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Rod orhideja (Dendrobium) je jedan od najznačajnijih rodova ornamentalnih vrsta. Rod je
rasprostranjen u gotovo svim klimatskim područjima, a obuhvaća više od 1800 vrsta od kojih
su mnoge značajne za ornamentalnu primjenu i to kao vrste koje se već koriste kao ukrasne ili
ih je moguće introducirati ili koristiti u hibridizaciji i interspecijes hibridizaciji kao izvor
svojstava i osnovu za nove alelne kombinacije zanimljive u proizvodnji za ornamentalnu
primjenu. Za križanja orhideja Dendrobium koriste se one vrste iz “tople grupe” odnosno one
koje imaju zahtjeve za višim temperaturama pošto imaju veći genetski potencijal radi duže
vegetacije i razdoblja cvatnje. Za kreiranje novih sorata orhideja iz roda Dendrobium potrebno
je prvo postaviti ideotip sorte. Ideotip prestavlja sorte kultiviranih biljaka koje zbog svojih
boljih sposobnosti daje bolji prihod. Ideotip orhideja ispunjava slijedeće uvjete: dugo trajanje
cvatnje, privlačni cvjetni izboji, uspravni i višestruk pseudogomolji, zdravi listovi, najmanje
dva cvjetna izboja i barem dvaput godišnje da dolazi do cvatnje. Proizvođači mogu utjecati na
ideotip sorte na način regulacije rasta i razvoja što im daje bitnu ulogu u kreiranju genetske
osnove. In vitro meristemska propagacija odnosno kloniranje meristemskog tkiva, je
najkorišteniji pristup u umnažavanju orhideja. Propagacija se izvodi iz lateralnih ili apikalnih
pupova koji u kulturi tkiva proliferiraju u tijelo. Vrste roda Dendrobium se mogu umnažavati i
sjemenom što daje prednost u prestanku širenja virusa. Svojstva roda, od onih bioloških poput
morfologije vegetativnih i generativnih organa i hereditarnih zakonitosti pa do onih tehnoloških
koja su bitna u proizvodnji su vrlo kompleksna i potrebno je njihovo razumijevanje u potpunosti.

Abstract (english)

The genus Dendrobium is one of the most important genera of ornamental species. The genus
is widespread in almost all climatic regions, and includes more than 1800 species, many of
which are important for ornamental application, as species that are already used as ornamentals,
or can be introduced or used in hybridization and hybridization interspecies as a source. For
crossings orchids Dendrobium tips from the "warm group", those that have requirements for
higher temperatures since they have greater genetic potential due to a longer vegetation and
flowering period. Archiving new varieties of orchids from the genus Dendrobium, it is
necessary to set the ideotype of the variety: long-lasting flowering, attractive flower shoots,
erect and multiple pseudotubers, healthy leaves, at least two flower shoots and at least twice a
year that flowering occurs. Producers can regulate growth and habitat which gives them an
essential role in creating the genetic base. In vitro meristem propagation, i.e. cloning of
meristem tissue, is the most used approach in orchid propagation. Propagation is carried out
from lateral or apical buds that proliferate into the body in tissue culture. Dendrobium species
can also be propagated by seed, which gives an advantage in stopping the spread of the virus
that is most common in orchids - Cymbidium Mosaic Virus Properties and basis for new alen
combinations interesting in production for decorative application. Properties of the genus, from
biological ones such as the morphology of vegetative and generative organs and hereditary laws
to technological ones that are important in production are very complex and need to be fully
understood.

• Keywords: orhideja; ornamentalna vrsta; oplemenjivanje
• Keywords (english): orchid; ornamental species; breeding
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:416595
• Study programme: Title: Horticulture; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-20 09:17:03