Osjetljivost pupova jabuke na niske temperature

master's thesis

• Title (english): Susceptibility of apple buds to low temperatures
• Author: Narcisa Travnikar
• Mentor: Goran Fruk (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Fruk (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Martina Skendrović Babojelić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivana Šestak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Pomology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Tolerancija na smrzavanje vrlo je bitno svojstvo za opstanak biljke za vrijeme kritičnih razdoblja. Različite vrste i sorte mogu imati različita oštećenja pri istoj temperaturi i fenološkom stupnju, a to ovisi o prethodnim vremenskim uvjetima i otpornosti na niske temperature prije pojave mraza. Osjetljivost voćaka na niske temperature vezana je uz nasljedne osnove, te kondiciju stabla i fiziološko stanje. Postoji mnogo metoda borbe protiv ozljeda od niskih temperatura. Pasivne metode djeluju preventivno i na dulje vremensko razdoblje, dok su aktivne metode privremene i zahtijevaju rad te se agronomima preporuča korištenje pasivnih metode zaštite koje su im dostupne, s obzirom da one ne zahtijevaju veliki utrošak energije i resursa. Odabir sorata koje kasno cvatu smanjuje rizik štete od kasnih proljetnih mrazova. Također je važan izbor sorti koje su otpornije na niske temperature. Jabuka je jedna je od najzastupljenijih voćnih vrsta u svijetu s više od 6 000 različitih sorata. Određivanje postotka osjetljivosti pupova deset udomaćenih sorata jabuke na niske temperature rezultiralo je slijedećim vrijednostima: 'Škrobotelj' 81,33%, 'Crveni boskop' 58%, 'Damasonska reneta' 52%, 'Debela' 28,67%, 'Herbertova reneta' 78%, 'Lesans kalvil' 56,67%, 'Sternrenette' 83,33%, 'Trijerska jabukovača' 52%, 'Wagener' 82% i 'Zuccalmaglio' 38,67%. Najotpornijim sortama pokazale su se sorte 'Debela' s najnižih 28,67% i 'Zuccalmaglio' s 38,67% pozeblih pupova.

Abstract (english)

Frost tolerance is a very important for plant survival during critical periods. Different species and varieties may have different damages at the same temperature and phenological degree, and this depends on the previous weather conditions and resistance to cold temperatures before the onset to frost. The sensitivity of fruit trees to low temperatures is related to genetic bases, as well as the condition of the tree and its physiological condition. There are many methods to combat injuries from low temperatures. Passive methods have a preventive effect for a longer period of time, while active methods are temporary and require work, and agronomists are recommended to use passive protection methods available to them, since they do not require large expenditures of energy and resources. Choosing varieties that bloom late reduces the risk of damage from late spring frosts. It is also important to choose varieties that are more resistant to low temperatures. The apple is one of the most represented fruit species in the world with more than 6 000 different varieties. Determining the percentage of bud susceptibility of ten domesticated apple cultivars to low temperatures resulted in the following values: ‘Škrobotelj’ 81,33%, ‘Roter Boskop’ 58%, ‘Damason Renette’ 52%, ‘Debela’ 28,67%, ‘Herberts Renette’ 78%, ‘Lesans Kalvill’ 56,67%, ‘Sternrenette’ 83,33%, ‘Trijerska jabukovača’ 52%, ‘Wagener’ 82% and ‘Zuccalmaglio’ 38,67%. The most resistant varieties was ‘Debela’ with the lowest 28.67% of frost damaged buds and ‘Zuccalmaglio' with 38,67%.

• Keywords: jabuka; mraz; pupovi; stare sorte
• Keywords (english): apple; frost; buds; old varieties
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:877809
• Study programme: Title: Horticulture; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2021-12-10 08:10:26