Gospodarenje biootpadom iz poljoprivredne i prehrambene industrije

master's thesis

• Author: Vedran Šarić
• Mentor: Neven Voća (mentor)
• Committee member: Neven Voća (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Željka Zgorelec (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Matin (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Sustainable Technologies and Renewable Energy Sources); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-06-17, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Miješani komunalni otpad predstavlja veliki problem prilikom daljnjih postupaka iskorištavanja vrijednih sirovina iz njegova sastava. U sastavu miješanog komunalnog otpada nerijetko se nađe biorazgradivi i biootpad koji bi se trebali prikupljati odvojeno. Miješanjem biorazgradivih komponenti sa ostalim komunalnim otpadom dovodi do gubitka njihovih vrijednih svojstava koje se mogu iskoristiti u daljnjim procesima oporabe. Kod gospodarenja biootpadom, kao i kod miješanog komunalnog otpada, potrebno je voditi se redom prvenstva gospodarenja otpadom, odnosno postavljenom hijerarhijom prioriteta koji predstavljaju najbolje opcije za odgovorno gopodarenje otpadom, okoliš, zdravlje ljudi i cijelokupnu zajednicu. Prvenstveno ovdje mislimo na dvije najpoželjnije opcije, a to su spriječavanje nastanka otpada, te priprema za novu oporabu. Spriječavanje nastanka biootpada podrazumijeva odgovornije postupanje, primjerice hranom, dok priprema za novu oporabu, kada govorimo o biootpadu prvenstveno se odnosi na sortiranje, odnosno odvajanje biootpada od komunalnog i/ili biorazgradivog otpada čiji sastav podrazumijeva još neke komponenete poput papira i kartona koji ne spadaju u sastav biootpada. S obzirom da je o biootpadu nemoguće pričati bez da se dotaknemo miješanog komunalnog otpada i biorazgradivog otpada, u ovome radu prikazano je stanje količina spomenutih vrsta otpada, te neke od metoda oporabe koje možemo koristiti, prilikom gospodarenja biootpadom. Poseban naglasak je stavljen na kompostiranje kao ekološki prihvatljivu metodu koja se može prakticirati od kućanstva do industrijskih pogona, ali i proizvodnju bioplina koja se također pokazala oblikom oporabe kojom se dobiva energija, a istovremeno se smanjuju količine biorazgradivog i biootpada na odlagalištima.

Abstract (english)

Mixed municipal waste is a major problem for further procedures use of valuable raw materials from its composition. In composition of mixed municipal waste we can often found biodegradable and biowaste that should be collected separately. Mixing biodegradable components with other municipal waste leads to the loss of their valuable properties that can be used on the further process of recovery. In the biowaste managment as well as mixed municipal waste, it is necessary to keep the order of priority of waste managment and set a hierarchy of priorities that represent the best option for responsible waste managment, environment, human health and a wholesome community. Primarly we are referring to the two most desirable option, the prvention of waste generation, and prepare for a new recovery. Preventing the generating of biowaste implies responsible behavior, such as treatment of food in everyday life, while preparing for a new recovery, when it comes to biowaste are related primarily to sorting or separation of biowaste from municipal and/or biodegradable waste that is frequently replaced with biowaste, and whose composition includes some components such as paper and cardboard that are not included in the composition of biowaste. Since it is impossible to talk about biowaste without mentiong mixed municipal waste and biodegradable waste, this paper shows quantitys of these types of waste, and some of the methods of recovery that we can use in biowaste managment. Special emphasis is placed on composting as an environmentally acceptable method that can be practiced from households to industrial plants, as well as producing of biogas which is shown to be a good method of biowaste recovery, producing the gas, and reducing the biodegradable and biowaste in landfills.

• Keywords: gospodarenje otpadom; miješani komunalni otpad; biorazgradivi otpad; biootpad; kompostiranje; bioplin
• Keywords (english): waste managment; mixed municipal waste; biodegradable waste; biowaste; composting; biogas
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:697780
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-07-27 06:55:24