Utjecaj gustoće sklopa kukuruza na režim vlažnosti eutrično smeđeg tla

master's thesis

• Author: Marko Reljić
• Mentor: Stjepan Husnjak (mentor)
• Committee member: Stjepan Husnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlatko Svečnjak (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Danijela Jungić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Soil Science); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-07-08, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

U Republici Hrvatskoj kukuruz predstavlja najzastupljeniju žitaricu na poljoprivrednim površinama. Prema podacima Državnog zavoda za statistiku u 2015. godini kukuruz je posijan na površini od 263 970 ha. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj gustoće sjetve kukuruza na režim vlažnosti tla u antropogenom horizontu (10-20 cm) oranično terestričkog tla iz eutrično smeđeg tla kao i utjecaj gustoće sklopa na prinos zrna kukuruza. Istraživanje je provedeno na površinama Agronomskog fakulteta (Maksimir) u 2015. godini, a različite gustoće činile su: optimalni sklop (70 000 biljaka ha-1), reducirani sklop (35 000 biljaka ha-1) i nezasijano (golo) tlo. Dobiveni podaci su statistički obrađeni analizom varijance. Pored navedenog cilj je bio izraditi proračun bilance oborinske vode u tlu te usporediti dobiveni proračun s rezultatima istraživanja režima vlažnosti.
Analizom varijance utvrđena je značajna razlika u sadržaju trenutne vlažnosti između nezasijanog tla i zasijanih varijanti, dok između dvije istraživane gustoće, optimalnog i reduciranog sklopa, nije utvrđena značajna razlika. Manjak vode u tlu javio se u srpnju i kolovozu u optimalnom i reduciranom sklopu kada se vrijednost trenutne vlažnosti nalazila ispod utvrđene točke venuća.
Prosječni prinos zrna kukuruza iznosio je 5352 kg ha-1, a između dvije gustoće sklopa nije utvrđena značajna razlika, iako je prinos u reduciranom sklopu bio 5,29 % viši nego u optimalnom. Značajna razlika nije utvrđena niti u sadržaju vode u zrnu, broju jalovih biljaka niti broju klipova kod dvije različite gustoće sklopa.
Proračunom bilance oborinske vode u tlu utvrđen je manjak vode od 69,8 mm u razdoblju od lipnja-kolovoza što se podudara s dobivenim rezultatima istraživanja režima vlažnosti tla.

Abstract (english)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely spread grain grown in Croatia. According to Central Bureau of Statistics in 2015., maize was sown on an area of 263 970 ha. The main objective of this study was to determinate the influence of maize plant density on soil water regime in Anthropogenic horizon (10-20 cm) of Anthrosol (eutric) as well as the influence of maize plant density on grain yield. The experiment was conducted on Faculty of Agriculture (Maksimir) in 2015. and different planting densities were: optimal density (70 000 plants ha-1), reduced density (35 000 plants ha-1) and unsown soil. The results were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance. Additionally, objective was to calculate soil water balance and compare it with the results of soil water regime.
Analysis of variance showed significant difference in soil moisture content between unsown soil and sown treatments (optimal and reduced density), however it showed no significant difference between two sown treatments. Water deficit occurred in July and August both in optimal and reduced maize density when soil water content dropped below wilting point.
Average maize grain yield of 5352 kg ha-1 was not significantly different between two plant densities, although yield was higher in reduced plant density by 5,29 % than in optimal density. Differences between grain moisture content, number of sterile plants and number of ears were not significant in two maize plant densities.
Calculation of soil water balance showed water deficit of 69,8 mm in period from June to August which coincides with results obtained from conducted soil water regime experiment.

• Keywords: kukuruz; režim vlažnosti tla; gustoća sklopa; optimalni sklop; reducirani sklop
• Keywords (english): maize; soil moisture regime; plant density; optimal density; reduced density
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:121895
• Study programme: Title: Agroecology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-07-26 09:17:27