Značaj mikovirusa u poljoprivredi

master's thesis

• Title (english): Significance of mycoviruses in agriculture
• Author: Laura Košćak
• Mentor: Darko Vončina (mentor)
• Committee member: Darko Vončina (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Snježana Topolovec-Pintarić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Edyta Đermić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Pathology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-09-22, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Prvo otkriće mikovirusa zabilježeno je 1962. godine, a izolirao ga je engleski virolog Hollings. U posljednjih pedesetak godina interes za poznavanjem mikovirusa raste. Do danas je poznato da su mikovirusi prisutni u svim taksonomskim skupinama gljiva. Prisutnost mikovirusa u domaćinu može dovesti do smanjenja virulentnosti te utjecati na promjene fenotipa, ali je ipak u nekim slučajevima zaraza mikovirusima latentna. Životni ciklus mikovirusa odvija se u citoplazmi stanice domaćina. Kako bi se virusi uspješno širili u stanicama bitno je da su izolati gljiva vegetativno kompatibilni. Noviji literaturni izvori spominju mogućnost zaobilaženja vegetativne kompatibilnosti fuzijom protoplasta, čime je omogućeno i proširenje spektra domaćina. Prisutnost mikovirusa i njihov hipovirulentni utjecaj dokazani su u laboratorijskim uvjetima na ekonomski značajnim gljivama koje pripadaju rodu Fusarium, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Cryphonectria, Alternaria i dr. U Europi se fitopatogena vrsta Cryphonectria parasitica, uzročnik raka kore pitomog kestena, uspješno suzbija korištenjem Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV 1). Kod nekih vrsta patogenih gljiva utvrđena je i koinfekcija izolata s dva ili više virusa. Osim što ihnibicijski djeluju na virulentnost patogenih gljiva, mogu povoljno utjecati i na biljke koje su domaćini gljiva i to na način da umanjuju posljedice temperaturnog stresa. Kako bi se mikovirusi mogli koristiti kao biološka mjera suzbijanja patogenih gljiva potrebno je provesti još mnoga istraživanja radi boljeg razumijevanja interakcije mikovirusa i domaćina.

Abstract (english)

The first discovery of mycovirus was recorded in 1962. by the English virologist Hollings. In the last fifty years, interest in knowledge of mycoviruses is growing. To date, mycoviruses are known to be present in all taxonomic groups of fungi. The presence of mycovirus in the host may lead to a decrease in virulence and affect phenotype changes, but in some cases infections with mycoviruses are latent. The life cycle of mycoviruses takes place in the cyto-plasm of host cells. In order to spread successfully in cells, essential is vegetative compatibil-ity of host fungi. Recent literature reports possibility to bypass vegetative compatibility by protoplast fusion thus allowing the widening of mycoviruses host range. The presence of mycoviruses and their hypovirulent influence has been proven in laboratory conditions on economically important fungi belonging to the genus Fusarium, Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, Cryphonectria, Alternaria, etc. In Europe, phytopathogenic species Cryphonectria parasitica, the causative agent of chestnut blight disease, has been successfully controlled using Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV 1). In some species of pathogenic fungi coinfection of iso-lates with two or more mycoviruses has been reported. In addition to their inhibitory effect on virulence of pathogenic fungi, they can also have a beneficial effect on host plants by re-ducing the temperature stress. In order to be used as a agents for biological control of phy-topathogenic fungi additional research is needed, especially to better understand the inter-action of mycoviruses and their hosts.

• Keywords: mikovirus; gljiva; vegetativna (in)kompatibilnost; poljoprivreda
• Keywords (english): mycovirus; fungi; vegetative (in)compatibility; agriculture
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:341110
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2020-10-09 06:55:26