Interakcija komponenti i učinak kombinacija ekološki prihvatljivih insekticida pri suzbijanju krumpirove zlatice

master's thesis

• Title (english): Joint action environmentally friendly insecticide combinations in crop protection of Colorado potato beetle
• Author: Ivana Jurada
• Mentor: Renata Bažok (mentor)
• Committee member: Renata Bažok (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darija Lemić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Poljak (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Agricultural Zoology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2019-09-26, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Krumpirova zlatica (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) jedan je od najvažnijih štetnika krumpira. Zbog intenzivnog suzbijanja tijekom dugog vremena, razvila je rezistentnost na brojne insekticide različitog mehanizma djelovanja pa je potrebno istražiti mogućnosti korištenja drugih, ekološki prihvatljivijih insekticida i metoda. Moguće rješenje ovih problema je primjena novijih skupina insekticida poput biotehničkih i bioloških insekticida, na koje rezistentnost još nije zabilježena, a koji ujedno imaju i slabije izražen negativan utjecaj na okoliš, te su selektivniji u djelovanju. Pri kombiniranju insekticida različitog mehanizma djelovanja moguće je da učinak kombinacije nije zbroj djelovanja komponenti u smjesi, nego da je rezultat njihove interakcije. Neke se interakcije pozitivno, a druge negativno odražavaju na konačni učinak na štetnog kukca. Stoga je prije primjene kombinacija insekticida u polju potrebno istražiti interakcije i utvrditi mogući zajednički učinak. Provedeno laboratorijsko istraživanje imalo je za cilj utvrditi prirodu interakcijskog odnosa između spinosada i azadiraktina te spinetorama i azadiraktina pri učinku na kapacitet ishrane i mortalitet ličinki krumpirovih zlatica. Pokus je postavljen po internacionalno prihvaćenoj metodi za dokazivanje rezistentnosti kukaca, IRAC-Method No. 7, Insecticide/Acaricide Suspectibility Test. U pokus je bilo uključeno 10 varijanti insekticida (pojedinačni insekticidi u različitim dozama i kombinacije) i netretirana kontrola. Kombinacije niske doze azadiraktina (25 %) s niskom dozom spinosada (5 %) polučile su antagonizam te ih ne bi trebalo koristiti bez obzira na ekološku prihvatljivost. U budućim istraživanjima trebalo bi utvrditi mogućnost kombiniranja ovih djelatnih tvari u drugačijim dozama. Kombinacije niske doze azadiraktina (25 %) i niske doze spinetorama (5 %) pogodne su za primjenu u integriranoj zaštiti krumpira od krumpirove zlatice. Komponentama u kombinacijama znatno je snižena doza što znači manje troškove suzbijanja, uz istovremeno manje onečišćenje okoliša i manji negativni utjecaj na prirodnu ravnotežu. Isto tako dobro su se pokazali u očuvanju lisne površine krumpira. Rezultate laboratorijskih pokusa trebalo bi provjeriti u poljskom pokusu. Dokazano je da mogućnost korištenja ekološki prihvatljivijih insekticida pridonosi novim strategijama suzbijanja krumpirove zlatice.

Abstract (english)

Colorado potato beetle (CPB) (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) is an economically important pest of potato. The pest developed resistance to numerous insecticides with various modes of action, so it is necessary to explore the possibilities of using alternative, more environmentally acceptable insecticides and methods of control. A possible solution of these problems is the use of new groups of insecticides, such as biotechnical and biological insecticides, on which resistance has not yet been reported, and are at the same time more selective and ecologically acceptable. When combining insecticides with different modes of action, it is possible that the effect of the combination is not the sum of the action of the components in the mixture, but that it is the result of their interaction. Some interactions have a positive effect and others have a negative effect on the final effect on the harmful insect. Therefore, before applying a combination of insecticides in the field need to explore the interactions and determine the possible combined effect. Conducted laboratory research was aimed to determine the nature of the interactive relationship between spinosad and azadirachtin and spinetoram and azadirachtin measured as feeding capacity and mortality of larvae of CPB. The experiment was designed according to an internationally accepted method for the detection of resistant insects, IRAC-Method No. 7, Insecticide/Acaricide Suspectibility Test. Investigated combinations have shown satisfactory performance and, even in case of an independent synergism, can be recommended for use in integrated crop control programs of the potato from CPB. The experiment included 10 insecticide variants (single insecticides at different doses and combinations) and untreated control. The trial included 10 insecticide variants (single insecticides at different doses and combinations) and untreated control. A combination of low dose of azadirachtin (25 %) with a low dose of spinosad (5 %) have resulted with antagonism and it should not be used regardless of the environmental acceptability. Future research should determine the possibility of combining these active substances in different doses. A combination of low dose of azadirachtin (25 %) and low dose spinetoram (5 %) are suitable for use in integrated potato from CPB. The components in the combinations are significantly reduced in dosage, which means lower costs of suppression, while reducing environmental pollution and reducing the negative impact on natural balance. They also performed well in preserving the leaf area of the potatoes. The results of laboratory experiments should be verified in a field experiment. Proven ability to use more environmentally friendly insecticides contributes new strategies to control CPB.

• Keywords: azadiraktin; spinosad; spinetoram; kombinacija insekticida; zajedničko djelovanje
• Keywords (english): azadirachtin; spinosad; spinetoram; insecticide combinations; joint action
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:919746
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2019-11-04 10:19:57