Title Određivanje rezidua parafina u saću izgrađenom na patvorenim satnim osnovama
Author Maja Matošević
Mentor Dragan Bubalo (mentor)
Committee member Dragan Bubalo (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Tomislav Treer (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Marko Vinceković (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Lidija Svečnjak (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture (Fisheries, Beekeeping, Game Management and Special Zoology) Zagreb
Defense date and country 2016-04-07, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES Agronomy
Abstract Pčelinji vosak (lat.:Cera flava) je prirodni vosak kojeg proizvodi i izlučuje medonosna pčela (Apis mellifera L.) i od njega gradi saće. Najveći potrošač pčelinjeg voska je pčelarska industrija. Pčelari vosak koriste za proizvodnju satnih osnova, koje se u tehnologiji pčelarenja koriste, kako bi pčelama omogućili bržu i kontroliranu izgradnju saća. Zbog povećane potražnje, nedostatnih količina na tržištu, relativno visoke cijene i nedostatka rutinske kontrole, pčelinji je vosak često meta patvorenja. Zato danas na tržištu postoji već preko 15 supstanci kojma se patvori vosak. Te supstance mogu biti različitog podrijetla (biljnog, životinjskog i mineralnog), no na tržištu su najzastupljeniji derivati petroleja (različiti tipovi parafina). Parafin se, kao aciklički (alifatski) ugljikovodik, smatra i jednim od najučestalijih ksenobiotika suvremenog pčelarstva. Njegova prisutnost u pčelinjem vosku ima negativan učinak, kako na kemijsku komunikaciju unutar pčelinje zajednice, tako i na normalan fiziološki razvoj legla. S obzirom na to da se ne provodi rutinska kontrola autentičnosti pčelinjeg voska (satnih osnova) na tržištu, jer za to još uvijek ne postoje međunarodno propisane analitičke metode, rezultati nedavnog istraživanja indiciraju kako parafin kontinuirano cirkulira u procesu proizvodnje satnih osnova. Međutim, kako dosadašnje znanstvene spoznaje ne daju informacije o količini parafina koja zaostaje u saću izgrađenom na parafinskim satnim osnovama, a koja se zatim dalje koristi kao sirovina za izradu satnih osnova, cilj ovog istraživanja je bio utvrditi zaostalu količinu parafina u uzorcima saća izgrađenom na parafinskim satnim osnovama nakon potpune izgradnje saća od strane radilica te njegova pretapanja. Uzorci saća izgrađenog na parafinskim satnim osnovama prikupljeni su iz pokusnih pčelinjih zajednica postavljenih na pet lokacija diljem RH. Kako bi se utvrdio ukupni kemijski sastav i količina zaostalog parafina, prikupljeni uzorci saća (n=30) analizirani su metodom FTIR- ATR spektroskopije. Preliminarni su rezultati pokazali kako u saću izgrađenom na parafinskim satnim osnovama zaostaje prosječno 57,96% parafina. Količina se zaostalog parafina u analiziranim uzorcima pretopljenog saća kretala od 47,78 do 68,65%. Ovim istraživanjem dokazana je prisutnost ozbiljnog problema na tržištu satnih osnova koji ukazuje na „kroničnu“ cirkulaciju i akumulaciju parafina u procesu proizvodnje satnih osnova.
Abstract (english) Beeswax (lat.Cera flava) is a natural wax produced and secreted by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) bees, which they use to build the comb. The biggest consumer of the beeswax is beekeeping industry. Beekeepers use wax mainly for the production of comb foundations which are used in the beekeeping technology in order to enable the bees faster and controlled construction of the comb. Due to increased market demand, insufficient quantities in the market, relatively high price and lack of routine control, beeswax is often the target of adulteration. Therefore, there are more than 15 substances used for beeswax adulteration present nowadays on the market. These substances may be of different origin (plant, animal and mineral), but the most common adulterant on the market are derivatives of petroleum (different types of paraffin). Parafin is acyclic (aliphatic) hydrocarbon which is considered as one of the most common xenobiotics in modern beekeeping. The presence of paraffin in the beeswax has a negative effect on the chemical communication within honey bee colonies and normal physiological development of the brood. Since there is no routine control of beeswax authenticity (comb foundations) on the market and no internationally prescribed analytical methods for its testing, the results of recent research indicated that the paraffin continuously circulate in the production process of comb foundation. Given that the current scientific knowledge does not give an information on the amount of paraffin that remains in the comb constructed on paraffin comb foundations, which is further used as a raw material for making foundations, the aim of this study was to determine the residual amount of paraffin in the samples collected from the honeycomb collected from experimental honey bee colonies after complete construction by the honeybee workers and blending combs. The samples of honeycomb built on paraffin foundation were collected from experimental hives situated at five locations across Croatia. In order to determine overall chemical composition and the amount of residual paraffin, collected honeycomb samples (n=30) were analyzed using FTIR- ATR spectroscopy. Preliminary results showed that average of 57.96% of paraffin remains in comb constructed on paraffin foundation. The amount of the residual paraffin in analysed samples ranged from 47.78 to 68.65%. This study has demonstrated the presence of a serious problem on the beeswax market that indicates on "chronic" circulation and accumulation of paraffin in the comb foundation production process.
Keywords
pčelinji vosak
satne osnove
patvorenje
parafin
FTIR-ATR spektroskopija
Keywords (english)
beeswax
comb foundations
adulteration
paraffin
FTIR-ATR spectroscopy
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:204:915067
Study programme Title: Agroecology Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka agroekologija)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
Terms of use
Created on 2016-05-31 10:31:33