Povijest, sadašnjost i izazovi procjene aditivne varijance

master's thesis

• Title (english): History, present and challenges of estimating additive variance
• Author: Martina Jašinski
• Mentor: Maja Ferenčaković (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Ferenčaković (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ino Čurik (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Vlatka Čubrić Čurik (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Animal Science); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-10, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Evolucijske promjene vrste, varijabilnost između jedinki i mehanizam nasljeđivanja
između roditelja i potomaka od davnih dana interesiraju znanstvenike. Veliki utjecaj na ta
pitanja nosi aditivna varijanca. Ona se prenosi s generacije na generaciju, a utječu na sličnost
između roditelja i potomaka. Nosi većinu genetske varijance, a povećava se s razinom
inbridinga. Također utvrđeno je kako se tijekom vremena epistatska varijanca može pretvoriti
u aditivnu varijancu pomoću koje procjenjujemo heritabilitet. Heritabilitet je najviše izmjerena
i diskutirana mjera kvantitativne genetike. Određuje brzinu razvoja fenotipa kao odgovora na
selekciju, bila ona prirodna ili umjetna. Kod procjena heritabiliteta, problem stvara epigenetika
i nedostajući heritabilitet koji još nije do kraja istražen. Aditivna varijanca kao i heritabilitet
predstavljaju pitanja kojima se bavi kvantitativna genetika. Ona se bazira na modelu u kojem
mnogi geni utječu na kompleksna svojstva, te dodaje važnost i negenetskim faktorima. U
današnje vrijeme za njena izražavanja koriste se QTL-ovi i SNP-ovi., za koje su neophodna
jaka računala koja imaju sposobnost obrade velikih podataka u isto vrijeme. Cilj ovog rada bio
je predočiti razvoj procjene aditivnih varijanti kroz povijest sve do danas, te probleme s kojima
su se susreli znanstvenici tijekom procjene.

Abstract (english)

Evolutionary changes of species, variability between the individuals and the mechanism
of legacy between parents and descendants of ancient times interest scientists. Big influence on
these issues carries an additive variance. It is passed from generation to generation and affects
the similarity between parents and descendants. It carries most of the genetic variance,
increasing with the level of inbriding. It has also been found that over time the epistatic variance
can be transformed into an additive variant. By using it we estimate heritability. Heritability is
most likely a discrete measure of quantitative genetics. It determines the speed of phenotype
development as a response to the selection, whether it is natural or artificial. In assessing
heritability, the problem creates epigenetics and phantom heritability that has not yet been fully
explored. Additive variance as well as heritability are quantified genetic issues. It is based on a
model in which many genes affect complex features, adding importance to non-neglecting
factors. Nowadays, QTLs and SNPs are used for its expression. Which requires strong
computers that have the ability to process large data at the same time. The aim of this paper was
to establish the development of estimates of additive variations through history to date and the
problems encountered by scientists during the evaluation.

• Keywords: aditivna varijanca; heritabilitet; varijabilnost; QTL; SNP
• Keywords (english): additive variance; heritability; variability; QTL; SNP
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:467609
• Study programme: Title: Animal Genetics and Breeding; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka genetike i oplemenjivanja životinja (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka genetike i oplemenjivanja životinja)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-10-05 10:55:54