Fauna buhača na duhanu na području Virovitičko-podravske županije i mogućnosti suzbijanja

master's thesis

• Title (english): Tobacco flea beetle fauna in Virovitica-Podravina county and possibilities of control
• Author: Tea Arvaj
• Mentor: Maja Čačija (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Čačija (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Renata Bažok (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jasminka Butorac (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Agricultural Zoology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Duhan je najrasprostranjeniji komercijalno neprehrambeni usjev na svijetu. Proizvodnja
duhana u Hrvatskoj još uvijek je vrlo profitabilna gospodarska djelatnost, čiju proizvodnju
mogu ugroziti štetnici. Duhanov buhač (Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer, 1847)) predstavlja
jednog od najznačajnijih štetnika duhana koji izgrizanjem lišća smanjuje prinos. Cilj rada bio
je utvrditi faunu, intenzitet napada i štete od buhača na hibridima duhana DH 17 I DH 27 na
području Virovitičko-podravske županije te istražiti učinkovitost botaničkog insekticida,
organskog gnojiva i kemijskog insekticida na utvrđenu najučestaliju vrstu buhača. U 2016. g.
na dva lokaliteta u Virovitičko-podravskoj županiji prikupljani su tjedno od sredine kolovoza
do početka listopada buhači. Na istim lokacijama u istom periodu očitavane su tjedno i štete
od buhača na 40 listova svakog od hibrida duhana DH 17 i DH 27. U laboratorijskom pokusu
istražena je učinkovitost botaničkog insekticida azadiraktina, organskog dušičnog gnojiva i
kemijskog insekticida klorantraniliprola na odrasle jedinke duhanovog buhača, skupljene u
istoj županiji. Varijante su primijenjene umakanjem listova prema metodi IRAC No7, u četiri
ponavljanja. Pokus je očitavan svakih 24 sata tijekom četiri dana. Broj mrtvih buhača na
insekticidu i kontroli korišten je za izračun učinkovitosti po formuli Schneider–Orelli.
Morfološkom determinacijom buhača sakupljenih u polju utvrđeno je da se radilo o vrsti
Epitrix hirtipennis, duhanovom buhaču. Pregledom listova duhana utvrđene su značajno veće
štete od buhača na hibridu DH 17 (94 %) u odnosu na DH 27 (65 %). Rezultati utvrđivanja
učinkovitosti insekticida pokazali su da, iako razlike između varijanti nisu bile značajne,
najbolju učinkovitost na buhače postigao je botanički insekticid azadiraktin (92 %).
Učinkovitost je bila jednaka onoj koju je polučio kemijski insekticid klorantraniliprol.
Učinkovitost organskog gnojiva bila je slabija (60 %), što ne možemo smatrati
zadovoljavajućim u suzbijanju duhanovog buhača. Istraživanje je pokazalo da bi se
azadiraktin, zbog povoljnih ekotoksikoloških karakteristika, mogao koristiti kao alternativa
kemijskim insekticidima ili u kombinaciji s drugim insekticidima u zaštiti duhana od
duhanovog buhača.

Abstract (english)

Tobacco is the most widespread commercial non-feed crop in the world. Tobacco production
in Croatia is still a very profitable economic activity, whose production can be endangered by
the pests. The tobacco flea beetle (Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer, 1847)) is one of the most
significant tobacco pests which, by eating the leaves, reduce the yield. The aim of the study
was to determine the fauna, the intensity of attack and the damage caused by the tobacco flea
beetle on tobacco F1 two line hybrids DH 17 and DH 27 in the area of Virovitica-Podravina
County, and to investigate the effectiveness of botanical insecticide, organic fertilizer and
chemical insecticide on most common tobacco flea beetle species in the area. In 2016, on two
sites in Virovitica-Podravina County adult tobacco flea beetles were collected weekly from
mid-August to early October. At the same time, to assess the damages made by flea beetles,
40 leaves of both DH 17 and DH 27 hybrids were collected weekly. The efficacy of
azadirachtin (botanical insecticide), organic nitrogen fertilizer and chlorantraniliprole
(chemical insecticide) on adult tobacco flea beetles collected in the same county was
investigated in a laboratory experiment. The variants were applied by treating the leaves
according to the IRAC No7 method, in four replicates. The test was read every 24 hours for
four days. The number of dead flea beetles on insecticide and control was used to calculate
the efficacy by using the Schneider-Orelli formula. All collected flea beetles were
morphologically identified as species Epitrix hirtipennis, the tobacco flea beetle. The results
on leaf damage showed there were significantly higher damages on DH 17 hybrid (94%)
compared to DH 27 (65%). The results of insecticide efficacy showed that, although
differences between the variants were not significant, the best efficacy was achieved by the
botanical insecticide azadirachtin (92%). The efficacy was the same as that of a chemical
insecticide chlorantraniliprole. Organic fertilizer efficiency was lower (60%), which cannot be
considered satisfactory in tobacco flea beetle control. Research has shown that azadirachtin,
due to favorable ecotoxicological properties, could be used as an alternative to chemical
insecticides or in combination with other insecticides in tobacco flea beetle management.

• Keywords: azadiraktin; duhan; duhanov buhač; Epitrix hirtipennis; klorantraniliprol; organsko gnojivo; učinkovitost
• Keywords (english): azadirachtin; chlorantraniliprole; efficacy; Epitrix hirtipennis; organic fertilizer; tobacco; tobacco flea beetle
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:671567
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2018-09-11 09:12:11