Sadržaj proteina i iznošenje dušika prinosom zrna ratarskih usjeva u ovisnosti o gnojidbi i kalcifikaciji

master's thesis

• Title (english): Protein content and loss of nitrogen with crops depending on fertilization and calcification
• Author: Ljuban Jukić
• Mentor: Aleksandra Perčin (mentor)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Perčin (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Mesić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivanka Habuš Jerčić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lovrić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Breeding Genetics, Biometrics and Experimentation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-10-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Izražena kiselost tla jedan je od temeljnih razloga njegove slabe plodnosti. Uzme li se u obzir da se mineralna i organska gnojidba često ne provode na pravilan način, a kalcifikacija, kao ključni zahvat melioracije u pravilu se uopće ne provodi, razmjerno niski prinosi u proizvodnji ratarskih kultura posljedica su spomenute poljoprivredne prakse. Pravilnom primjenom gnojidbe i kalcifikacije ostvaruje se zadovoljavajući prinos. Gnojidba dodatno utječe na varijabilnost dušika koji je konstitutivni element proteina u uzgajanom usjevu. Postizanje optimalnog sadržaja proteina u usjevima od iznimne je važnosti i zbog činjenice jer su proteini pokazatelj kvalitete usjeva te je stoga pravilan izbor doze i vrste gnojiva ali i materijala za kalcifikaciju presudan korak u ratarskoj proizvodnji.
Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je utvrditi djelovanje mineralne i organske gnojidbe, te kalcifikacije na prinose ozime pšenice, raži, kukuruza i zobi kao i varijabilnost sadržaja proteina i iznošenje dušika prinosom zrna spomenutih kultura.
Istraživanje je provedeno na pokusnoj površini u Velikom Žitniku u blizini Gospića na distrično smeđem tlu. Pokus je postavljen prema shemi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda i uključivo je tretmane sa primijenjenom kalcifikacijom te organskom i mineralnom gnojidbom.
Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su statistički najveći prinosi pšenice, raži i zobi zabilježeni na tretmanu kombinacije mineralne i organske gnojidbe sa vapnenim materijalom. Na relativno najveći prinos kukuruza utjecao je dodatak vapnenca odnosno kalcifikacija. Raspon proteina u ratarskim usjevima kretao se: od 14,2 % do 16,3 % u pšenici; 9,4 % do 10,3 % u zobi; 8,8% do 9,9 % u raži; 7,9 % do 9,4 % u kukuruzu. Prosječno iznošenje dušika zrnom pšenice iznosilo je 58,1 kg/ha; zrnom raži 41,3 kg/ha; zrnom zobi 40,9 kg/ha te zrnom kukuruza 75,5 kg/ha.

Abstract (english)

Augmented soil acidity is one of the main reasons for its low fertility. Since mineral and organic fertilization are often not performed properly and calcification, a key procedure of melioration, is typically not performed at all, a relatively low yield in crop production is an expected consequence. Proper fertilization and calcification can be used to obtain a satisfactory yield. Fertilization can further influence the nitrogen variability, which is a constitutive element of the proteins in the crops. Achieving an optimal protein content in the crops is highly important because the protein indicate the quality of the crops. Therefore, proper selection and dosage of the fertilizer and calcification materials is a crucial step for the agricultural production.
The goal of this thesis was to determine the influence of mineral and organic fertilization and calcification on the yield of the common wheat, rye, corn and oats as well as the variability of the protein content and the nitrogen loss for the mentioned crops.
The research was conducted on an experimental field in Veliki Žitnik in the region of Gospić on a distric cambisol. The experiment is designed using a random block scheme and it included treatments with the prepared calcification and organic and mineral fertilization.
The results indicate that statistically highest yields for the common wheat, rye and oats are obtained with a combined treatment of mineral and organic fertilization with the limestone material. The relatively highest corn yield has been affected by the addition of the limestone, i.e., calcification. The range of protein in crops was in the range 14.2-16.3% for wheat, 9.4-10.3% for oats, 8.8-9.9% for rye, 7.9-9.4% for corn. The average nitrogen loss was 58.1 kg/ha for wheat, 41.3 kh/ha for rye, 40.9 kg/ha for oats and 75.5 kg/ha for corn.

• Keywords: ratarstvo; proteini; gnojidba; kalcifikacija; distrično smeđe tlo
• Keywords (english): farming; protein; fertilization; calcification; distric cambisol
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:430230
• Study programme: Title: Organic Agriculture with Agrotourism; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede i agroturizma (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka ekološke poljoprivrede i agroturizma)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2017-12-20 08:44:03