Morfološke i fenološke značajke invazivne korovne vrste Abutilon theophrasti Med.

master's thesis

• Title (english): Morphological and phenological characteristics of invasive weed Abutilon theophrasti Med.
• Author: Marijana Plodinec
• Mentor: Maja Šćepanović (mentor)
• Committee member: Maja Šćepanović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Klara Barić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravka Dujmović Purgar (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Herbology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2017-02-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Abutilon theophrasti (europski mračnjak) je invazivna korovna vrsta podrijetlom iz Kine. Zbog svojih morfoloških svojstva vrlo je jak kompetitor u okopavinskim i povrtnim usjevima gdje izaziva velike gubitke prinosa. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi morfološka i fenološka svojstva europskog mračnjaka pri različitim gustoćama sklopa (2, 5, 10 i 20 jedinki m-2). Pokus je postavljen u proljeće 2014. na pokušalištu Maksimir Agronomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu po shemi slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u tri ponavljanja. Zbog tvrde ovojnice i prethodno utvrđene niske klijavosti, sjemenke mračnjaka su neposredno prije sjetve skarificirane. U istraživanju su mjerena morfološka, fenološka i reproduktivna svojstva mračnjaka pri različitim gustoćama sklopa. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da se visina biljaka na početku cvatnje između različitih gustoća sklopa nije značajno razlikovala. Međutim, nakon cvatnje biljke mračnjaka su bile značajno više u najrjeđem sklopu (2 biljke m-2) u odnosu na biljke s većom intra-kompeticijom (5-20 biljaka m-2). Isti trend utvrđen je i kod broja listova, promjera stabljike te mase suhe stabljike gdje su najviše vrijednosti utvrđene kod biljaka s najmanjom gustoćom sklopa. Gustoća sklopa utjecala je i na reproduktivna svojstva mračnjaka. Na biljkama mračnjaka kod veće gustoće sklopa (5-20 biljaka m-2) prosječno je utvrđen manji broj tobolaca (124-44) i manji broj sjemenki po biljci (1656-1020) u odnosu na biljke kod najmanje gustoće (175 tobolaca, 3654 sjemenki po biljci). Unatoč tome, utvrđen je trend povećanja sjemena po metru kvadratnome (7307 – 20401) s povećanjem gustoće biljaka. Ostale komponente prinosa nisu se značajno razlikovale između biljaka s različitim gustoćama sklopa. Tako je utvrđeno prosječno 33 sjemenki po tobolcu, a prosječna masa 1000 sjemenki je iznosila 9,9 grama. Za fenološka svojstva nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između tretmana, pa je tako biljkama mračnjaka bilo potrebno prosječno 162 toplinskih jedinica za nicanje, 979 za cvatnju i 1105 za razvoj prvog tobolca.

Abstract (english)

Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) is an invasive weed species that originated from China. The competitive nature of velvetleaf makes it a serious problem in arable and vegetable crops causing significant yeild losses. The aim of this study was to determinate morphological and phenological characteristics of velvetleaf as affected by various plant densities (2, 5, 10 and 20 plants m-2). The field trial was conducted during spring 2014 on experimental station Maksimir at Faculty of Agriculture in radomized blocks with 3 replicates. Due to impermeable seed coat and previously observed low germination, seeds were scarified before sowing. In the study morfological, fenological and reproductive characteristis of velvetleaf were recorded. Results show that plant height between different velvetleaf densities did not differ at the beginning of flowering. However, plants after flowering were significantly higher in lower densities (2 plants m-2) then those that were growing with more intra-competition (5-20 plants m-2). The same trend is evident from the number of leafs, the diameter of the stem and dry weight of the stem where the higher values were recorded in lower velvetleaf densities. Density of plants affected reproductive characteristics of velvetleaf. Plants in higher densities (5-20 plants m-2) had less capsules (124-44) and smaller number of seeds pre plant (1656-1020) in comparison to the plants that grew in lowest densities (175 capsules, 3654 seeds pre plant). In contrast, more seeds per square meter (7307-20401) were recorded with increasing density of plants. Other yield components were not significantly different between plants in different densities. There was on average of 33 seeds per capsule, and the average weight of 1000 seeds amounted to 9.9 grams. There was no significant difference between treatments in phenology of velevetleaf. Plants needed 162 growing degree days for sprouting, 979 for flowering and 1105 for the development of the first capsule, in average.

• Keywords: mračnjak; morfologija; fenologija; reproduktivna svojstva; suma toplinskih jedinica
• Keywords (english): velvetleaf; morphology; phenology; reproductive properties; growing degree days
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:597870
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2017-07-20 10:09:22