Istraživanje genetske čistoće kultivara pšenice (Triticum aestivum L.) mikrosatelitskim markerima

master's thesis

• Author: Dijana Fuchs
• Mentor: Hrvoje Šarčević (mentor)
• Committee member: Hrvoje Šarčević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jerko Gunjača (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Zlatko Šatović (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ana Lovrić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Breeding Genetics, Biometrics and Experimentation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Sorte pšenice se stvaraju i održavaju primjenom klasičnih metoda oplemenjivanja.
Kao posljedica rezidualne heterozigotnosti kod priznatih sorti kao i pojave mehaničkih i
genetskih nečistoća tijekom održavanja sorti može doći do opadanja unutarsortne genetske
uniformnosti. Mikrosateliti odnosno SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats) markeri pokazali su se
kao najbolji alat za brzu i pouzdanu identifikaciju sorata poljoprivrednog bilja te se
njihovom upotrebom može utvrditi i uniformnost sorata pšenice. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je
bio utvrditi genetsku uniformnost četiri genotipa ozime pšenice korištenjem SSR markera.
Četiri genotipa uključivala se dvije domaće sorte Dubravu i Žitarku, zatim japansku sortu
NING8026 te oplemenjivačku liniju Linija D2 iz Bc instituta Zagreb. Izabrani genotipovi su
uzeti iz kolekcije (sortimenta) Bc instituta Zagreb, koja se regenerira svake godine i u više
navrata su korišteni kao roditelji za stvaranje oplemenjivačkih populacija. Od svakog
genotipa analizirano je osam pojedinačnih biljaka na sedam SSR lokusa. Svih sedam
amplificiranih SSR lokusa pokazali su se polimorfnim s brojem alela po lokusu od dva do
četiri. Stablo konstruirano na temelju matrice genetskih udaljenosti izračunatih iz udjela
zajedničkih SSR alela jasno je razdvojilo četiri analizirana genotipa pšenice jedan od
drugoga, a unutar sorti Žitarke i NING8026 bilo je vidljivo i razdvajanje tipičnih od
atipičnih jedinki. Kod sorti Žitarka i NING8026 zapažene su tri odnosno jedna atipična
jedinka kao posljedica pojave atipičnih alela na dva od sedam analiziranih SSR lokusa, dok
su sorte Dubrava i linija D2 bile genetski uniformne. Korišteni SSR lokusi pokazali su se
uspješnim u otkrivanju unutar sortne varijabilnosti kod pšenice i mogu se preporučiti kao
prikladni markeri u budućim istraživanjima.

Abstract (english)

The varieties of wheat are created and maintained by the use of conventional breeding
methods. As a result of residual heterozygosity present within released varieties as well as due
to mechanical and genetic impurities which can enter a variety during its maintenance a
decrease of intravarietal genetic uniformity can occur.Microsatellites or SSR (Simple
Sequence Repeats) markers proved to be the best tool for the rapid and reliable identification
of varieties of agricultural plants and have been used for determination of the uniformity of
wheat varieties as well. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic uniformity
of four genotypes of winter wheat using SSR markers. The four genotypes included two
domestic varieties Dubrava and Žitarka, then the Japanese variety NING8026 and breeding
line of the Bc Institute Zagreb, Line D2. Selected genotypes were taken from the variety
collection of the Bc Institute Zagreb, which is regenerated each year and on many occasions
have been used as parents for creating breeding populations. From each genotype eight
individual plants were analyzed at seven SSR loci. All seven SSR loci amplified were
polymorphic with two to four alleles per locus. The tree constructed based on the matrix of
genetic distances (calculated from the proportion of shared SSR alleles) clearly separated the
four wheat genotypes from each other, and within the varieties Žitarka and NING8026 the
typical from atypical plants. For varieties Žitarka and NING8026 three andone atypical plants,
respectively were observed as a result of the appereance of atypical alleles at two of the seven
analyzed SSR loci. On the other hand, the variety Dubrava and the breeding line D2 were
genetically uniform. Used SSR loci proved to be successful in the detection of genetic
variability within wheat genotypes analyzed and can be recommended as suitable markers for
future research.

• Keywords: SSR markeri; pšenica; genetička analiza; uniformnost unutar kultivara
• Keywords (english): SSR markers; wheat; genetic analysis; uniformity within cultivars
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:395945
• Study programme: Title: Plant Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2016-12-01 13:36:51