Analiza proizvodnje ozime pšenice i ozimog pivarskog ječma na OPG-u Šokić

master's thesis

• Title (english): Analysis of the production of winter wheat and winter malting barley at OPG Šokić
• Author: Krešimir Šokić
• Mentor: Zlatko Svečnjak (mentor)
• Committee member: Zlatko Svečnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Klara Barić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Dubravko Maćešić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Field Crops, Forage and Grassland); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Pšenica i ječam su najvažnije strne žitarice u strukturi proizvodnje u Hrvatskoj, a koje
se mogu proizvoditi u različitim sustavima ratarske proizvodnje. Na OPG Šokić tradicionalno
se proizvode ove dvije kulture, a ostvareni prinosi zrna su u većini godina manji od planiranih.
Stoga je glavni cilj rada bio analizirati proizvodnju ozime pšenice i pivarskog ječma u svrhu
utvrđivanja glavnih limitirajućih čimbenika za formiranje visokih prinosa zrna. U vegetacijskoj
sezoni 2021./2022. na OPG-u Šokić uzgojeno je nekoliko domaćih i stranih sorata ozime
pšenice, a u proizvodnji ozimog pivarskog ječma uzgojena je introducirana sorta Casanova. U
tehnologiji proizvodnje strnih žitarica primijenjene su tradicionalne agrotehničke mjere na
gospodarstvu te alternativni zahvati poput primjene regulatora rasta. Standardnim metodama
utvrđena su najvažnija agronomska i gospodarska svojstva za ječam i pšenicu. Tradicijski
sustav proizvodnje rezultirao je u prinosu pivarskog ječma od prosječno 5,7 t/ha. Nadalje,
sadržaj proteina je bio jako nizak (u prosjeku svega oko 9,8 %), što jasno ukazuje na nedostatnu
opskrbu usjeva dušikom tijekom vegetacije. Primjena novih tehnologija u pivarskom ječmu
poput povećanih doza gnojidbe dušikom i regulatora rasta rezultirala je u većim prinosima zrna
i smanjenom polijeganju usjeva te povećanom sadržaju proteina u zrnu pivarskog ječma. Za
ozimu pšenicu primjenom tradicionalne agrotehnike ostvaren je prosječni prinos zrna od 6,4
t/ha, dok je prosječni sadržaj proteina iznosio 9,7%, a hektolitarska masa 82,3 kg. Najviše
prinose ostvarila je sorta Rubisko (7,9 t/ha) uslijed najmanjih šteta od prekomjerne vlažnosti
tla, a što je glavni limitirajući čimbenik visokih prinosa na OPG Šokić. Kao i kod ječma, sadržaj
dušika u zrnu ukazuje na nedovoljno opskrbljenost usjeva dušika tijekom vegetacije odnosno
primjenu preniskih doza gnojidbe dušikom.

Abstract (english)

Wheat and barley are the most important winter cereals in the cropping systems of
Croatia, which can be produced under various production systems. OPG Šokić traditionally
grows these two crops, and in most years grain yields are smaller than planned. Therefore, the
main goal was to analyze the agronomic practices and operations for the production of winter
wheat and malting barley in order to determine the main limiting factors for the formation of
high grain yields. In the growing season of 2021/2022. at OPG Šokić, several domestic and
introduced varieties of winter wheat, and introduced variety Casanova in the production of
winter malting barley were grown. Traditional agronomic practices and operations were applied
on the farm as well as alternative practices such as the application of plant growth regulator.
Standard methods were used to determine the most important agronomic and economic traits
of barley and wheat crops. The traditional production system resulted in an average yield of 5.7
t/ha for malting barley. Furthermore, grain protein content was very low (only about 9.8% on
average), which clearly indicates insufficient supply of nitrogen to crops during the growing
season. The application of new technologies in malting barley, such as the increased rates of
nitrogen fertilization and the application of plant growth regulator brought about higher grain
yields and reduced crop lodging, as well as an increased grain protein content in malting barley.
For winter wheat crop grown under traditional production system, an average grain yield of 6.4
t/ha was achieved, while the grain protein content averaged 9.7%, and the test weight was 82.3
kg. The highest grain yields were produced by the variety Rubisko (7.9 t/ha) due to the smallest
damage from waterlogging, which is the main limiting factor for achieving high grain yields at
OPG Šokić. Similar to barley production, the small grain protein content indicated insufficient
nitrogen supply during the growing season primarily due to low rates of nitrogen top-dressing.

• Keywords: prihrane dušikom; regulator rasta; prinos zrna; sadržaj proteina.
• Keywords (english): nitrogen top-dressing; plant growth regulator; grain yield; protein content.
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:611800
• Study programme: Title: Plant Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to authenticated users
• Created on: 2023-08-22 11:00:51