Utjecaj agroekoloških i pomotehničkih čimbenika na rodnost i kakvoću plodova jabuka

master's thesis

• Title (english): Influence of agroecological and subtehnical factors on fertility and quality of apple fruits
• Author: Mihaela Rukavina
• Mentor: Kristina Batelja Lodeta (mentor)
• Committee member: Kristina Batelja Lodeta (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Jelena Gadže (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luna Maslov Bandić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Pomology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-07-06, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Jabuka je najrasprostranjenija voćna vrsta koja se i najviše uzgaja u kontinentalnom dijelu Hrvatske. Najvažniji agroekološki uvjeti za uzgoj jabuke su klima, tlo i položaj. Jabuci odgovara umjereno kontinentalna klima sa srednjom godišnjom temperaturom od 8˚C do 12˚C. Razvoj crvene boje pokožice kod jabuka povezana je s izlaganjem ploda svjetlu, temperaturi i uvjetima ishrane u stablu. Proljetni mrazovi oštećuju cvjetove, a visoke temperature uzrokuju ožegotine na plodovima. Ilovasto pjeskovito tlo smatra se najoptimalnijim za uzgoj jabuke. Jabuci najbolje odgovaraju južni položaji u predjelima s većim oborinama i većom nadmorskom visinom. Nagib terena oko 4% omogućuje lako otjecanje površinske vode i suvišne vode tla te dobru osvijetljenost krošnje. Folijarna gnojidba značajno utječe na kvalitetu plodova jabuka. Ljetna rezidba i reflektirajuća folija poboljšavaju kvalitetu plodova kod previsokih vretenastih stabala jabuke. Mehaničko prorjeđivanje ima veći utjecaj na kvalitetu i stabilnost priroda od kemijskog. Pri navodnjavanju voćnjaka vrlo je bitno doziranje vode. Najpovoljnija temperatura vode za navodnjavanje je 25°C, a razlika između temperature vode i temperature voćke ne smije biti veća od 10°C. Sustav 'kap na kap' pokazao se kao najoptimalniji za navodnjavanje. Plodovi uzgojeni pod mrežama slabije su kvalitete, imaju manje ugljikohidrata i lošijeg su okusa. Bijele i obojene mreže bolje propuštaju svjetlost od crnih mreža. Jabuke ispod bijele i žute mreže su bolje obojane u odnosu na jabuke ispod crne i crvene mreže te je proces fotosinteze također jači ispod mreže žute i bijele boje.

Abstract (english)

Apple is the most widespread fruit species, grown mainly in the continental part of Croatia. The most important agro-ecological conditions for growing apples are climate, soil and location. Apples are suitable for a temperate continental climate with an average annual temperature of 8 to 12 degrees Celsius. The development of the red colour of the skin of apples is related to the light, temperature and nutrient conditions in the tree. Spring frosts damage the blossoms, and high temperatures cause burns on the fruit. Loamy, sandy soils are best for growing apples. Apples are best suited to southern locations in areas with higher rainfall and higher altitude. The slope of the land of about 4 % allows easy drainage of surface water and excess soil water and good exposure of the tree crowns. Foliar fertilisation has a significant influence on the quality of the apple fruit. Summer pruning and reflective film improve fruit quality of overlong, spindly apple trees. Mechanical thinning has a greater influence on the quality and stability of nature than chemical thinning. Water dosage is very important when irrigating orchards. The most favourable water temperature for irrigation is 25°C, and the difference between the water temperature and the temperature of the fruit tree must not exceed 10°C. The 'Drip-to-Drip" system has proven to be the most suitable for irrigation. Fruit grown under nets is of lower quality, has less carbohydrates and tastes worse. White and coloured nets let light through better than black nets. Apples under white and yellow nets are better coloured than apples under black and red nets, and the process of photosynthesis is also stronger under yellow and white nets.

• Keywords: jabuka; kvaliteta ploda; pomotehnički čimbenici; agroekološki uvjeti
• Keywords (english): apple; technical and agroecological factors; fertility; fruit quality
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:171197
• Study programme: Title: Horticulture; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka hortikulture)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to authenticated users
• Created on: 2023-07-10 07:18:35