Miktrotuberizacija triju genotipova krumpira u ovisnosti o vrsti eksplantata i sadržaju aktivnog ugljena u mediju

master's thesis

• Title (english): Microtuberization of three potato genotypes depending on explant type and content of activated charocal in the medium
• Author: Karla Anić
• Mentor: Snježana Kereša (mentor)
• Committee member: Snježana Kereša (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Milan Pospišil (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivanka Habuš Jerčić (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Breeding Genetics, Biometrics and Experimentation); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2021-09-27, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Krumpir (Solanum tuberosum L.) je poljoprivredna kultura koja se razmnožava vegetativno, što ga čini osjetljivim na razne bolesti, pogotovo viruse koji se prenose preko zaraženog sadnog materijala. Kako bi se osigurao dobar prinos i ostvario puni potencijal sorata, važno je proizvesti zdrav, nezaražen sadni materijal. To je moguće postići in vitro metodama eliminacije virusa. Dobivene ozdravljene biljke potrebno je razmnožiti, a to je moguće mikropropagacijom i/ili mikrotuberizacijom. Mikrogomolji predstavljaju prvu kategoriju sjemena, nakon toga slijedi kategorija oplemenjivačkog sjemena. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati uspješnost mikrotuberizacije triju genotipova krumpira u ovisnosti o vrsti korištenih eksplantata i sadržaju aktivnog ugljena. U ovom pokusu korištene su tri sorte krumpira, sorta 'Desiree', tradicijski kultivar 'Brinjak' te peruanski plavi krumpir (S. tuberosum L. var. vitelotte). Biljni materijal je prethodno razmnožen na Murashige i Skoog (1962) mediju bez regulatora rasta uz dodatak 2 % saharoze i 7 g/l Plant agara do dovoljnog broja izdanaka za postavljanje pokusa. Istraživanje je provedeno u dva sukcesivna pokusa. U prvom pokusu korišteni su eksplantati s plojkama (listovima), u drugom pokusu eksplantati bez plojki. Za postavljanje pokusa korištene su slijedeće vrste eksplantata: vršni pup s jednim nodijem, dvonodalni segmenti bez vrha položeni na medij vodoravno ili okomito i jednonodalni segmenti položeni na medij okomito. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je najbolja kvaliteta mikrogomolja (najveće mase i promjera) dobivena iz dvonodalnih eksplantata kojima nije odstranjena plojka, na mediju s dodanim aktivnim ugljenom. Odstupanje od ovog pravila zabilježeno je samo za postotak izdanaka s formiranim mikrogomoljima koji je bio signifikantno veći kad su kao eksplantati korišteni eksplantati bez plojki. Među sortama je također bilo značajne razlike u broju, kao i u masi i promjeru mikrogomolja. Veći broj mikrogomolja po izdanku formirao je kultivar 'Brinjak', ali su oni bili manje mase i promjera u odnosu na sorte 'Desiree' i Peruanski plavi krumpir.

Abstract (english)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is crop that propagate vegetatively, making them susceptible to various diseases, especially viruses transmitted through infected planting material. In order to ensure a good yield and achieve the full potential of varieties, it is important to produce healthy, uninfected planting material. This can be achieved by in vitro methods of virus elimination. The recovered plants must be multiplied, which is possible through micropropagation and/or microtuberization. Microtubers represent the first category of seed potatoes from which the following category is derived, next stage is breeding seed. The aim of this study was to investigate the success of microtuberization of three potato genotypes depending on the type of explants used and the activated charcoal content. Three potato varieties, Desiree, traditional variety Brinjak and Peruvian blue potato (S. tuberosum L.var.violette) were used in this experiment. Plant material was previously propagated on Murashige and Skog (1962) medium without growth regulators with the addition of 2% sucrose and 7g/l plant agar to a sufficient number of shoots for experiment. In the first experiment explants with leaves were used, while in the second experiment leaves were removed. The following types of explants were used to set the experiment: shoot tips, two node segments placed horizontally or vertically and one-node segments placed in placed in medium vertically. Based on the results obtained, it can me concluded that the best quality of microtubers (the larger mass and diameter) was obtained from two-node segments with no leaves removed, on a medium with addition of activated charcoal. Deviation from this rule was recorded only for the percentage of shoots that formed microtubers that was significantly higher when leaf free explants were used. Among the varieties, there was significant difference in number, as well as in weight and diametar of microtubers. A larger number of microtubers per shoot was formed by the Brinjak variety, but they had lower weight and diameter than the microtubers formed by Desiree and Peruvian blue potato.

• Keywords: krumpir; mikrotuberizacija; aktivni ugljen; vrsta eksplantata
• Keywords (english): potato; microtuberization; activated charcoal; explant type
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:122896
• Study programme: Title: Plant Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2021-11-23 13:22:41