Erozija tla vodom na zatravljenim i obrađenim vinogradima na području Iloka

master's thesis

• Title (english): Soil water erosion on grass covered and tilled vineyards in Ilok
• Author: Manuel Matišić
• Mentor: Igor Bogunović (mentor)
• Committee member: Igor Bogunović (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Nikola Bilandžija (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Aleksandra Perčin (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (General Agronomy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2020-07-21, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Antropogena erozija tla vodom, kao najizraženiji degradacijski proces na svjetskoj razini, prisutna je na površini tla od gotovo 1,1 milijardi hektara. Vinogradarske površine posebno su osjetljive na eroziju tla vodom, budući da su vinogradi često smješteni na nagnutim terenima. Stoga je važno odabrati pravilan način gospodarenja tlom vinograda radi održivosti proizvodnje i stabilnosti ekosustava. U ovom diplomskom radu uspoređena su dva načina gospodarenja tlom u vinogradima (obrađeni i zatravljeni) i njihov utjecaj na svojstva tla i eroziju. Istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem kišnog simulatora, pri čemu je na svakom tretmanu izvedeno 8 ponavljanja. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su na obrađenom tretmanu bile prisutne značajno niže vrijednosti volumne gustoće (ρv), srednje veličine stabilnih strukturnih agregata (SVSA) i njihovog udjela (UVSA) te sadržaja organske tvari (OT) u odnosu na zatravljeni tretman. Vrijednost retencijskog kapaciteta tla za vodu (PKv) bila je niža na zatravljenom tretmanu, dok se trenutna vlažnost tla (Trv) nije značajno razlikovala između tretmana. Količine pristupačnog fosfora (P2O5t) i kalija (K2Ot) bile su značajno više na zatravljenom tretmanu. Zatravljeni tretman pokazao je značajno kraće potrebno vrijeme do saturacije tla (ts) i pojave površinskog otjecanja (to), značajno niži volumen infiltrirane vode (Iv) i značajno viši volumen površinskog otjecanja (Ov). Gubici (SEDg) i koncentracija sedimenta (ys) te gubici ugljika (Cg), fosfora (P2O5g) i sumpora (Sg) bili su značajno viši na obrađenom tretmanu u odnosu na zatravljeni. Zatravljivanje tla pokazalo se kao održiva mjera za poboljšanje svojstava tla te smanjenje erozije tla vodom.

Abstract (english)

Anthropogenic soil water erosion, as the most pronounced degradation process worldwide, is present on area of almost 1,1 billion hectares. Vineyards are the most prone to soil erosion by water, as they are often located on sloping terrain, so it is important to choose the sustainable soil management for ensuring stable grape production. This thesis compares two methods of soil management in vineyards (tilled and grass covered) and their impact on soil properties and erosion. The study was conducted using a rain simulator, with 8 replicates performed on each treatment. The study observed that values of bulk density (ρv), mean weight diameter (MWD), share of water stable aggregates (WSA) and soil organic matter content (SOM) were significantly lower on tilled treatment. Water hold capacity (WHC) was significantly lower on the grass covered treatment, while the soil water content (SWC) did not significantly differ between treatments. The amounts of available phosphorus (P2O5t) and potassium (K2Ot) were significantly higher on grass covered treatment. Grass covered treatment showed significantly shorter time for soil saturation (tp) and surface runoff (tr), significantly lower volume of infiltrated water (Iv) and significantly higher volume of surface runoff (Run). Soil losses (SL), sediment concentration (ys) and losses of carbon (Closs), phosphorus (P2O5loss) and sulfur (Sloss) were significantly higher on the tilled treatment compared to grass covered. Grass cover has proven to be a sustainable measure to improve soil properties and reduce soil erosion by water.

• Keywords: erozija tla vodom; vinogradi; obrada tla; zatravljivanje; svojstva tla
• Keywords (english): soil water erosion; vineyards; tillage; grass cover; soil properties
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:689951
• Study programme: Title: Agricultural Engineering; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka poljoprivredne tehnike (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka poljoprivredne tehnike)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2020-10-01 10:42:11