Istraživanje antagonizma Trichoderma longibrachiatum naspram Botrytis cinerea i Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

master's thesis

• Title (english): Research of antagonism Trichoderma longibrachiatum versus Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
• Author: Nives Maršić
• Mentor: Snježana Topolovec-Pintarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Snježana Topolovec-Pintarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Edyta Đermić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Božidar Benko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Department of Plant Pathology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Siva plijesan i bijela trulež su značajne bolesti povrća. Uzročnici su gljive Botrytis cinerea i Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Navedene bolesti imaju i vrlo veliki ekonomski značaj. Vrste su kozmopolitski polifagni patogeni koji u velikoj mjeri napadaju većinu biljnih vrsta. Osim što napadaju voćne vrste, napadaju povrtne i ratarske kulture. Askomicetna gljiva Trichoderma longibrachiatum iz roda Trichoderma koji su poznati bio-čimbenici, mikoparazit je sklerocija navedenih patogenih vrsta, kao i micelija. Izrazit je antagonist naspram patogenih vrsta, stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio istražiti antagonističko djelovanje izolata STP1 T. longibrachiatum na B. cinerea i S. sclerotiorum u laboratorijskim „in vitro“ uvjetima metodom „dvojnih kultura“. Pokus je postavljen i proveden u laboratoriju Zavoda za fitopatologiju Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Koristile su se 7 dana stare kulture i provedeno je sučeljavanje STP1 sa svakom patogenom vrstom. Postavljeno je po slučajnom bloknom rasporedu u pet ponavljanja sa 4 varijante. Vrsta T. longibrachiatum (STP1) je brže i u većoj mjeri osvojila hranjivi supstrat svojim naglim rastom i razvojem micelarnih kolonija od fitopatogenih vrsta B. cinerea i S. sclerotiorum. Četvrti dan nakon postavljanja pokusa vidljivo je da je izolat STP1 inhibirao vrstu S. sclerotiorum s Indeksom inhibicije oko 63 %, a B. cinerea s Indeksom inhibicije 25 %. Nadalje, sedmi dan postotak inhibicije razlikuje se između dva patogena izolata što znači da je izolat STP1 u većoj mjeri Indeksom inhibicije od 89 % inhibirao S. sclerotiorum, nego B. cinerea s Indeksom inhibicije od 85 %. Rezultati potvrđuju hipotezu o antagonizmu između te tri vrste, odnosno da je vrsta T. longibrachiatum iskazala antagonizam naspram B. cinerea i S. sclerotorum. Antagonizam se temeljio na mehanizmu kompeticije jer je T. longibrachiatum STP1 brže kolonizirala hranjivi supstrat od ostale dvije patogene vrste oduzimajući im prostor a rast, kao i hranjiva iz hranjive podloge. Također, u pokusu sa S. sclerotiorum potvrđena je i mikoparazitacija obzirom da je STP1 parazitirao i miclije i sklerocije ovog patogena. Međutim, u kontrolnim i test petrijevim zdjelicama nije bilo razvijenih sklerocija od strane drugog patogena B. cinerea.

Abstract (english)

Grey mold and white mold are significant vegetable diseases. They are caused by fungus called Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. A mentioned disease has large economic importance. Species are cosmopolitan polyphagous pathogens which in a big measure attack a large number of plant species. Besides attacking fruit species, they also attack vegetable species and agriculture crops. Ascomycete fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum from genus Trichoderma, which are known as bio-factors in biological world, is mycoparasite of sclerotia of those pathogenic species, and mycelium also. This fungus is special antagonist contrary to pathogenic species, therefore objective of this research was to see into antagonistic activity isolate STP1 Trichoderma longibrachiatum on Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in laboratory “in vitro” terms of “dual cultures” method. Experiment was set up and conducted in Institute of phytopathology of University of Agriculture in Zagreb. In this experiment were used cultures aged 7 days and confrontation od STP1 with every pathogenic species was carried out. It was set up by random block schedule in five repetitions with four variants. Species T. longibrachiatum, faster and to a greater extent, took nutrient substrate by its rapid growth and development of micellar colonies from phytophatogenic species B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum. Forth day after setting up the experiment it is apparent that isolate STP1 inhibited species S. sclerotiorum with Index of inhibition about 63 %, and B. cinerea with Index of inhibition 25 %. Further, in the seventh day percent of inhibition between two pathogen isolates differs which means that isolate STP1 whith Index of inhibition of 89 % inhibited to a greater extent than B. cinerea with Index od inhibition of 85 %. The results confirmed hypothesis of antagonism between those three species, that is that species T. longibrachiatum demonstratet antagonism towards B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum. Antagonism was based on mehanism of competition beacuse species T. longibrachiatum STP1 was faster colonized nutrient substrate from the other two pathogen species privative them space to growth and nutrients from nutrient supstrate. Also, in experiment with S. sclerotiorum mycoparasytizm was confirmed considering that STP1 parasitited mycelium and sclerotia of this pathogen. However, in control and test dishes there were no developed sclerotia by other pathogen B. cinerea.

• Keywords: bio-čimbenici; Trichoderma; Botrytis; Sclerotinia i „dvojne kulture“
• Keywords (english): bio-control; Trichoderma; Botrytis; Sclerotinia and „dual cultures“
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:851433
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2018-11-06 14:04:22