Antagonizam i antibioza Trichoderma longibrachiatum na Fusarium solani i Alternaria solani

master's thesis

• Title (english): Antagonism and antibiosis of Trichoderma longibrachiatum on Fusarium solani and Alternaria solani
• Author: Sandra Skendžić
• Mentor: Snježana Topolovec-Pintarić (mentor)
• Committee member: Snježana Topolovec-Pintarić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Darko Vončina (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Božidar Benko (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Plant Pathology); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2018-09-28, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Askomicete Fusarium solani i Alternaria solani značajni su patogeni krumpira.
U ekološkom uzgoju krumpira zaštita od nastanka bolesti uzrokovanih ovim
patogenima je teška jer su dozvoljene direktne mjere nedostatne (bakrovi preparati,
alternativna sredstva za jačanje biljaka na bazi prirodnih materijala i ljekovitog bilja,
npr. MycoSin®VIN). U svrhu biološkog suzbijanja fitopatogenih organizama
upotrebljavaju se mnoge vrste iz svijeta gljiva, a među najpoznatijima su vrste roda
Trichoderma. Vrste roda Trichoderma ubrajamo u antagoniste koji svojim
mehanizmima (kompeticija, antibioza, mikoparazitizam) potiskuju konkurentne
fitopatogene vrste. Iako u svijetu često primjenjivani, komercijalni bio-fungicidi na
osnovu Trichoderma vrsta, kod nas nisu registrirani. Antifungalne sposobnosti
Trichoderma vrsta se jako razlikuju čak i kod biotipova iste vrste. Zato priznavanju
perspektivnog izolata za bio-pripravak prethode opsežna višegodišnja istraživanja, no
osnova su laboratorijska testiranja.
U radu je istraživana antagonistička sposobnost autohtonog izolata T.
longibrachiatum STP1 na dvije fitopatogene srodne gljive, Alternaria solani i
Fusarium solani, odnosno utjecaj izolata STP1 na micelarni rast fitopatogenih gljiva
F. solani i A. solani. U radu je istraživana i moguća antagonistička sposobnost
fitopatogene vrste F. solani naspram vrsta A. solani i autohtonog izolata STP1 vrste
T. longibrachiatum. Za istraživanje je korištena klasična metoda dvojnih kultura i
njena modifikacija za utvrđivanje hlapljivih tvari (test volatila).
U klasičnoj metodi dvojnih kultura i inkubaciji na 20 °C, izolat STP1
signifikantno je inhibirao rast i razvoj patogena F. solani (I = 58%) te A. solani (I =
67%) dok je pri 15 °C imao znatno slabije supresivno djelovanje. U testu volatila i
inkubaciji na 15 °C i 20 °C , antagonistički je izolat STP1 pokazao dobro inicijalno
djelovanje hlapljivih tvari na suprostavljene patogene.

Abstract (english)

Ascomycetes Fusarium solani and Alternaria solani are major potato
pathogens. When it comes to organic farming, methods of protection from the
diseases caused by those pathogens are problematic because the allowed direct
methods of protection are insufficient (copper formulations, alternative substances
used for plant fortification that are based on natural materials and medicinal plants,
such as MycoSin®VIN). Many fungi species are used as bio-fungicides, of which
Trichoderma species are the best-known. Trichoderma species are known for
antagonistic behaviour with mechanisms (such as: competition, antibiosis,
mycoparasitism), whose activity surpresses concurrent phytopathogenic species.
Even though they are widely used, commercial bio-fungicides based on Trichoderma
strains are not registered in Croatia. Antifungal potential of Trichoderma strains
widely differs even when it comes to biotypes of the same species. For that reason,
in order to recognize promising isolates to be used for the creation of bioformulation,
long-term research has to be conducted and laboratory testing is essential.
The goal of this thesis is to identify possible antagonism and antibiosis of the
autochthonous isolate T. longibrachiatum (STP1) on two phytopathogenic, related
fungi, Alternaria solani (AS) and Fusarium solani (FS) - the effect of STP1 on the
mycelial growth of AS and FS by measuring the rate of growth of STP1 mycelium in
order to evaluate antagonism and antibiosis. In this thesis, possible antagonistic
capability of phytopathogenic species F. solani against A. solani and autochthonous
isolate (STP1) of T. longibrachiatum was studied. For the purposes of this thesis, the
method of dual cultures and its modification was used in order to establish volatile
compounds.
With the classical method of dual cultures and incubation at 20 °C, isolate
STP1 significantly inhibited growth and development of pathogen F. solani (I = 58%),
and A. solani (I = 67%), while at temperature of 15 °C, it had considerably weaker
suppressive effect. In the study of volatiles and incubation at 15 °C and 20 °C,
anthagonistic isolate STP1 showed good inicial effect of volatile compounds on
opposing pathogens.

• Keywords: Trichoderma longibrachiatum; Fusarium solani; Alternaria solani; antagonizam; dvojne kulture
• Keywords (english): Trichoderma longibrachiatum; Fusarium solani; Alternaria solani; antagonism; dual cultures
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:098242
• Study programme: Title: Phytomedicine; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine (magistar/ magistra inženjer/inženjerka fitomedicine)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Access restricted to students and staff of home institution
• Created on: 2018-10-29 08:13:29