Suzbijanje ambrozije (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) i čička (Xanthium strumarium L.) u ekološkoj proizvodnji soje

master's thesis

• Title (english): Control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) in organic soybean production
• Author: Alen Đurić
• Mentor: Zlatko Svečnjak (mentor)
• Committee member: Zlatko Svečnjak (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Klara Barić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Maja Šćepanović (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Agriculture; (Department of Field Crops, Forage and Grassland); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2022-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: BIOTECHNICAL SCIENCES; Agronomy

Abstract

Korovi predstavljaju glavni limitirajući čimbenik u ekološkoj proizvodnji širokorednih kultura. Najveće štete u soji uzrokuju korovi velikog habitusa koji rastu i razvijaju se u ranom dijelu vegetacijske sezone poput ambrozije i čička, a mehaničke mjere suzbijanja korova provode se prvenstveno obradom tla prije i za vrijeme vegetacije. Stoga je glavni cilj rada bio utvrditi učinak mehaničkih metoda zaštite od korova (rotoštrigla i međuredne kultivacije) na suzbijanje ambrozije i čička u ekološkoj proizvodnji soje, te prinos i komponente prinosa zrna uzgojene kulture. Poljski pokusi provedeni su tijekom jedne vegetacijske sezone na parcelama OPG Đurić Alen na kojima je preliminarnim istraživanjima utvrđena jaka zakorovljenost ambrozijom i čičkom. Rani prohod roto-„štriglom“ u ranim stadijima rasta prisutnih korova je bio učinkovit na koštan (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), dok nije imao zadovoljavajući učinak na ambroziju i posebice čičak. Nadalje, uslijed prohoda roto-„štriglom“ došlo je do redukcije sklopa soje za oko 10-ak %. Primijenjene mehaničke metode zaštite od korova (roto-„štrigl“ + međuredni kultivator) bile su zadovoljavajuće učinkovite na parceli gdje su dominirali koštan i ambrozija. Za razliku od roto-„štrigla“, kultivacija je učinkovito suzbila jedinke prisutnih korovnih vrsta u međurednom prostoru. No, provedene mehaničke metode nisu učinkovite na korove unutar reda soje pa je u slučaju velike zakorovljenosti čičkom došlo do jakog pada prinosa (za 64 %) u usporedbi s čistim usjevom. To veliko smanjenje prinosa rezultat je niže visine biljke, manjeg broja mahuna po biljci i zrna u mahuni, te sitnijeg zrna (niže mase 1000 zrna). U zakorovljenoj parceli (kontroli) utvrđen je nizak prinos zrna soje od svega 420 kg/ha, što je za 88 % niži prinos od čistog usjeva. Primijenjene mehaničke metode zaštite od korova nisu zadovoljavajuće učinkovitosti na parcelama gdje je čičak dominantan korov pa se u budućnosti moraju tražiti alternativna rješenja.

Abstract (english)

Weeds are the main limiting factor in organic production of row crops. Common ragweed and common cocklebur grow and develop early in the growing season so that mechanical weed control methods have to be implemented before and after crop sowing. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of mechanical weeding (rotative weeder combined with inter-row cultivation) on the control of common ragweed and common cocklebur in organic soybean production. Trials were conducted during one growing season at family farm Đurić Alen, on fields where preliminary research indicated infestation with common ragweed and common cocklebur. One pass of rotative weeder in the early weed growth stages was an effective management of barnardyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.), while it failed to satisfactory control common ragweed and common cocklebur. In addition, one pass of rotative weeder reduced the soybean stand density by approximately 10%. Combined mechanical management (rotative weeder + inter-row cultivation) satisfactory controlled weeds in field infested with barnyard grass and common ragweed. In contrast to the rotative weeder, the two passes of inter-row cultivation efficiently suppressed the intra-row weeds. However, mechanical weeding was ineffective against in-row weeds, and consequently, a large (64%) grain yield loss occurred in field infested with common cocklebur compared to the weed-free crop. This crop yield reduction was brought about by smaller plant height, fewer pods per plant and grains per pod, and lighter grains (smaller 1000-grain weight). In the weedy-check plot, the soybean crop yield was 420 kg/ha only, which was by 88% lower than the weed-free crop. Thus, applied mechanical weed management in organic soybean was unsuccessful in field heavily infested with common cocklebur, and alternative solutions are to be sought out.

• Keywords: ekološka proizvodnja; soja; ambrozija; čičak; prinos zrna
• Keywords (english): organic production; soybeans; common ragweed; common cocklebur; yield
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:204:709434
• Study programme: Title: Plant Sciences; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti (magistar / magistra inženjer/inženjerka biljnih znanosti)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2022-10-05 10:22:16